Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian AmericaCassin, John
Science
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
Cassin, John
Birds -- North America
The spring migration is confined to birds that pass the winter in the
South, in many cases not beyond the limits of the United States; but
there are birds that extend their journey to the islands of the West
Indies, to Mexico, and to Central America, and in some instances to
South America. Many of the Warblers, several of our common Thrushes and
Finches, and various others of our well-known North American species,
visit Cuba and Jamaica in the course of the winter, and in both those
islands some of them make their appearance while yet the season is not
so far advanced in the United States as to incommode them either by the
cold or an abridged supply of their favorite food.
The migration of these birds is a curious problem, and regulated by laws
entirely independent of the considerations of climate and supply of
food. One cannot readily find a reason why a bird that has passed the
winter in a tropical or southern latitude, should leave for the North at
the coming of spring, when a more plentiful supply of food than has
sufficed for its winter support is about to be presented. And then, too,
why should birds proceed so far to the North?—to the very confines of
the Arctic circle, as many small species do, when the great forests of
the middle and northern States offer ample accommodation, and supplies
of food certainly equal to those in which they will at last terminate
their journey. There are questions here difficult to answer. It would
appear that the existence of an animal is predicated on its performance
of certain functions antecedently involved in its organization. That its
entire history, we may say, is but an answer to the calls of
organization. That the organization and the performance of its indicated
functions are strictly exponents of each other, the latter modified by
circumstances, and the relations of species to each other, dependent in
some measure on circumstances, but not produced by them, no more than
forms or other physical characters. No feature in the history of an
animal is absolutely produced by circumstances. There is, too, the
consideration of inherited instincts, and if the faculty of memory, and
impressions on it, are transmissible, nearly the whole phenomena of
instinct may be explained.
In the western and southwestern countries of North America, within the
limits of the United States, various species of northern birds appear in
winter that have never been noticed on the Atlantic seaboard. The
handsome little bird that we present to the reader in the plate now
before him, is one of that description. It appears to be a native of the
extensive and little-known regions of northwestern America, migrating in
the winter to California, New Mexico, and Texas, where it has been seen
by several of our naturalists.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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