In +plate+ 98, the pipes marked _b_ are ordinary pipes, made and used for the _luxury_ only of smoking; and for this purpose, every Indian designs and constructs his own pipe. The _calumet_, or pipe of peace (+plate+ 98 _a_), ornamented with the war-eagle’s quills, is a sacred pipe, and never allowed to be used on any other occasion than that of _peace-making_; when the chief brings it into treaty, and unfolding the many bandages which are carefully kept around it—has it ready to be mutually smoked by the chiefs, after the terms of the treaty are agreed upon, as the means of _solemnizing_ or _signing_, by an illiterate people, who cannot draw up an instrument, and sign their names to it, as it is done in the civilized world. The mode of solemnizing is by passing the sacred stem to each chief, who draws one breath of smoke only through it, thereby passing the most inviolable pledge that they can possibly give, for the keeping of the peace. This sacred pipe is then carefully folded up, and stowed away in the chief’s lodge, until a similar occasion calls it out to be used in a similar manner. There is no custom more uniformly in constant use amongst the poor Indians than that of smoking, nor any other more highly valued. His pipe is his constant companion through life—his messenger of peace; he pledges his friends through its stem and its bowl—and when its care-drowning fumes cease to flow, it takes a place with him in his solitary grave, with his tomahawk and war-club, companions to his long fancied, “mild and beautiful hunting-grounds.” The weapons of these people, like their pipes, are numerous, and mostly manufactured by themselves. In a former place (+plate+ 18) I have described a part of these, such as the bows and arrows, lances, &c., and they have yet many others, specimens of which I have collected from every tribe; and a number of which I have grouped together in +plate+ 99; consisting of knives, war-clubs, and tomahawks. I have here introduced the most general and established forms that are in use amongst the different tribes, which are all strictly copied from amongst the great variety of these articles to be found in my Collection.