Immigration : $b A world movement and its American significanceFairchild, Henry Pratt
History
Immigration : $b A world movement and its American significance
Fairchild, Henry Pratt
Emigration and immigration; United States -- Emigration and immigration
The food served to steerage passengers is, according to almost all
investigators, usually sufficient in quantity, and originally of good
quality. But in the majority of cases it is so poorly cooked and served
in such an unappetizing way as to render it most unsatisfactory. An
average menu reads very well; it is only when one actually undertakes to
eat the food, as served to the immigrants, that the real quality
appears. There is usually a canteen, or bar, where drinks, candy, fruit,
etc., may be secured by those who can pay for them, and stewards
sometimes turn an extra penny by securing food from the second cabin for
steerage passengers who make the arrangement with them.
One of the worst conditions prevailing in the steerage, upon which the
investigators of the Immigration Commission lay great stress, is the
indecent and immoral attitude and conduct of the men, including the crew
as well as the passengers, toward the women. The stories which are told
of the constant persecution of immigrant women,—unprovided as they are
with any means of privacy,—even by those whose duty it is to protect
them, are almost unbelievable, but are well substantiated. As one
investigator wrote, only a set of instantaneous photographs could give
an adequate idea of the demoralizing attentions to which women and girls
are subjected, until even the most self-respecting of them sometimes
weaken under the strain. The United States law, of course, aims to
prevent these abuses, but it is powerless, without better machinery for
enforcement than is provided.
All of these conditions are naturally aggravated by crowding, and are
usually more pronounced on the westward than on the eastward trip, since
the steerage is ordinarily more congested coming to the United States.
It is a marvel that even the ignorant, uncultured, stolid peasants of
Europe can find life tolerable under such conditions. Yet they do, and
manage to get some enjoyment out of it besides. There are songs and
games and dances to while away the time. Especially when the ship stops
at any intermediate port the deck throngs with immigrants, men, women,
and children, seeking recreation in their own way.
On the whole, the old-type steerage is the poorest possible introduction
to, and preparation for, American life. It inevitably lowers the
standards of decency, even of the immigrants, and often breaks down
their moral and physical stamina. It shatters their bright visions of
American life, and lands them cynical and embittered. One of the first
steps in the improvement of the immigration situation should be the
abolition of the old-type steerage.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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