In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times (Volume 2 of 2)Nansen, Fridtjof
History
In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times (Volume 2 of 2)
Nansen, Fridtjof
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse; Arctic regions -- Discovery and exploration; Arctic regions -- Discovery and exploration -- Scandinavian; Discoveries in geography -- Scandinavian
The Greenlanders may well have called the Indians' birch-bark canoes
"keipr" or "keipull" (a little boat); but it is still more probable
that as the details of the tradition became gradually obliterated in
course of time, the designation of the Skræling boat came to be that
which was used for the only boats known in later times to be peculiar
to the Skrælings, namely, the hide-boats of Greenland. In addition to
this, hide-boats were also known from Ireland, while the making of
boats of birch-bark was altogether strange to the Icelanders. Besides,
if we are to attach so much importance to a single word, "huðkeipr,"
which plays no part in the narrative, what are we to do with the
Skrælings' catapults ("valslǫngur") and their black balls which made
such a hideous noise that they put to flight Karlsevne and his
men?--these are really important features of the description, to say
nothing of the glamour. If these, like many other incidents of the
saga, are taken from altogether different quarters of the world, it is
scarcely unreasonable to suppose that a word like "huðkeipr" is
borrowed from Greenland and from Irish legend.
The names which according to the saga were communicated by the two
Skræling children captured in Markland, and which are supposed to have
lived in oral tradition for over 250 years, have no greater claim to
serious consideration. Everything else that these children are said to
have related is demonstrably incorrect; the tale of Hvítramanna-land
is a myth from Ireland (cf. pp. 42, ff.); the statement attributed to
them that in their country people lived in caves is improbable and
obviously derived from elsewhere (cf. p. 19);[70] is it, then, likely
that the names attributed to them should be any more genuine? W.
Thalbitzer [1905, pp. 190, ff.] explains these names as misunderstood
Eskimo sentences, and supposes them to mean: _Vætilldi_, "but do wait
a moment"; _Vægi_, "wait a moment"; _Avalldamon_, "towards the
uttermost"; _Avaldidida_, "the uttermost, do you mean?" As we are told
that the two Skræling boys learned Icelandic, Thalbitzer must suppose
the men to have misinterpreted these sentences as names during the
homeward voyage from Markland to Greenland, and then he must make the
Skrælings die shortly afterwards, before the misunderstanding could be
explained. After that these meaningless names must have lived in
practically unaltered form in oral tradition for several hundred
years, until they were put into writing at the close of the thirteenth
century. It appears to me that such explanations of the words as are
attempted on p. 20 have a greater show of probability. In addition, as
pointed out in the same place, the "bearded" Skræling and their
"sinking into the earth" are mythical features which are associated
with these Skrælings.
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