Nicobar Islands, the, 201 Position, 167, 201 Relationship, 321, 327 Soundings, 321 Coral banks, 201 Area, 201 Geology, 202-204 Minerals, 205 Coal, 204 Earthquakes, 205 Climate, 205, 206 Rainfall, 206 Temperature, 206 Monsoons, 206 Cyclone, 206 General botanic appearance, 207 Botanical division, 109 Flora, 207, 208 Principal flora of the Nicobars, 345-349 Fauna Birds, 326-328 List of, occurring in the Nicobars, 328-331 Mammals, 322-324 Synopsis of mammalian fauna, 325 History, 177-179, 208-214 Nicobars known to Arab navigators, 208 First probable reference, 208 Chinese records, 208 Account of an Arab trader (A.D. 851), 208 Rashuddin, 209 Marco Polo (thirteenth century), 209 Friar Oderic (fourteenth century), 209 Master Cæsar Frederike (sixteenth century), 209 Barbosa, 210 Captain John Davis (sixteenth century), 210 Officers of Sir J. Lancaster (sixteenth century), 210 Sir James Lancaster (seventeenth century), 211, 212 Koeping (eighteenth century), 212 Dampier's sojourn, 212. _See_ "Dampier" Murder of Captain Owen, 212 Hamilton's references, 102, 105, 121, 212, 215 Jesuit attempt at settlement, 212 Danish colony founded (1756), 213 Settlement by Moravians (1766), 213 Koenig's account, 213. _See_ "Koenig" History, Commercial expedition, 213 New Moravian settlement (1779), 213 English traders from India begin to visit the islands (nineteenth century), 213 Pastor Rosen's mission (1831), 213, 214 Catholic mission, 214 Mackay's voyage in search of coal (1845), 214 _Galathea_ expedition (1846), 214 Voyage of the _Novara_ (1858), 214 Islands taken possession of by the Indian Government (1869), 214 British official possession (1807), 214 Settlement at Nankauri Harbour, 214 Nicobars and Andamans affiliated, 214 Marks of British possession, 97 Account of piracy in, 91-94 Missionary endeavour, 63, 257. _See_ also under "History" Natural products of commercial value, 207, 208 Nicobars rich in building materials, 205 Malaria, 112, 205, 254, 255 Population, 202, 350 Decrease of, 76, 97, 149, 150, 350 Trade residents, 202 Census, 350 Water, 152 Native Topographical names, 120 Compared with chart and trade names, Great Nicobar, 155. _See_ "Bompoka," "Chaura," "Great Nicobar," "Kachal," "Kamorta," "Kar Nicobar," "Kondul," "Little Nicobar," "Menchal," "Nankauri," "Pulo Milo," "Teressa," "Tilanchong," "Trinkat" Nicobar, Kar. _See_ "Kar Nicobar" Nicobar, Little. _See_ "Little Nicobar" Novara Bay, N., 67 Occiput, custom of flattening the, N., 226 Occupations, commercial, K.N., 318, 319 Of the sexes, respective, S.P., 220