Incwadi Yami; or, twenty years' personal experience in South AfricaMatthews, J. W. (Josiah Wright)
History
Incwadi Yami; or, twenty years' personal experience in South Africa
Matthews, J. W. (Josiah Wright)
Diamond mines and mining -- South Africa; South Africa -- Description and travel
or split, save in one case, where such was foreseen by M. Daniels: a
stone evidently composed of two diamonds joined together, upon the
first application of heat broke with considerable violence into two
fragments, each constituting a decided crystal.... All that took place
in the crucible could be distinctly seen through the sheet of mica,
and thus ample evidence was obtained that the diamond, while in a
state of combustion, is surrounded by a small flame, the exterior
envelope of which is a violet-blue, similar to that produced by oxide
of carbon in a state of combustion.
“This is especially the case when the diamond is rather large, when
the lamp has been withdrawn and the platinum has ceased to glow; the
diamond is then seen upon the black ground of the crucible, brilliant
with vivid white light, and surrounded by a zone or aureole somewhat
less bright, its exterior edge being a blue-violet color. Some highly
interesting microscopic observations relative to the dull surface of
diamonds which have undergone partial combustion have been
communicated by Mr. G. Rose; he has discovered on them regular
triangular markings that resemble those occurring in abundance on the
fine crystals from the Vaal River, and recall the faces formed on
planes of crystals, soluble in acid, by the slow and imperfect etching
action of such a re-agent, as, for example, the action of hydrogen
chloride on calcite. Like them these depressions on the diamond bear
an exact relation to its crystalline form, and are determined by
certain definite faces, their sides being parallel to the edges of the
octahedral faces of the crystal. Measurement with the goniometer shows
them to belong to the icositetrahedron, the faces of which have not
been met with on diamond. These symmetrically shaped pits can easily
be seen by heating a thin plate of boart in a blow-pipe flame and
examining it under the microscope.
“By prolonged heating several small triangular pits will often merge
into one large one. A crystal of diamond, even when so reduced in size
by oxidation as to be only visible with difficulty, continues to
exhibit sharp edges and angles. A dodecahedron, with very rounded
faces but smooth and brilliant surface, also exhibited the triangular
pits often very distinctly; moreover, it had a brown color, which was
not destroyed by heat, and must therefore be of a totally different
nature from that of the topaz or smoky quartz.”
The above copious extracts by no means exhaust the very interesting and
valuable particulars to be found in the article, and I would advise all
interested in the matter to purchase this issue of the magazine, if
still in print, and read for themselves.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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