CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. The Preliminaries 1 II. Napoleon's Army and its Generals 20 III. The Russian Army and its Generals 41 IV. The First Stage of the Campaign. Operations from Kovno to Vitebsk 59 V. The Operations about Smolensk 108 VI. The Operations in Volhynia and on the Düna 159 VII. Smolensk to Borodino 183 VIII. The Occupation and Destruction of Moscow 220 IX. The French Sojourn in Moscow 241 X. The First Stages of the Retreat 263 XI. The Operations in Napoleon's Rear during September and October 286 XII. The French Retreat. Maloyaroslavetz to Orsha 307 XIII. Orsha to the Berezina 344 XIV. Conclusion of the Campaign. Losses and Results 374 Appendices A to E 392 Bibliography 405 Index 409 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Bad News from Paris 2. The Emperor Alexander I of Russia 3. Prince Eugène, Son of the ex-Empress Josephine 4. Details of the Uniforms of the Infantry of the French Army in 1812 5. Marshal Davout 6. Prince Joseph Anthony Poniatowski, Nephew of Stanislaus Augustus, the last King of Poland 7. Field-Marshal Prince Barclay de Tolly 8. Field-Marshal Prince Golénischev-Kutuzov 9. General Prince Bagration, Commander of the Second Russian Army in 1812 10. Joachim Murat, King of Naples 11. The Old Fortifications of Smolensk 12. Marshal Oudinot, Duke of Reggio 13. The First Battle of Polotsk 14. General of Cavalry Count Platov 15. Marshal Ney 16. Moscow from the Sparrow Hills 17. Napoleon's First View of Moscow 18. Napoleon Watching the Burning of Moscow 19. The Kremlin, Moscow 20. Marshal Victor, Duke of Belluno 21. The Church of Vasilii Blagorennyi at Moscow 22. The Council of War after the Battle of Maloyaroslavetz 23. Marshal Gouvion St. Cyr 24. Count Wittgenstein 25. Armed Russian Peasants in Ambush in the Woods waiting to cut off French Stragglers 26. The Retreat of the French from Moscow 27. Russian Grenadiers Pursuing the French Army 28. Napoleon, Berthier, Murat, and Rapp (in the order named) round camp fire 29. General Baron Eblé 30. Crossing the Berezina 31. Marshal Ney Supporting the Rear-guard during the Retreat from Moscow 32. Napoleon's Travelling Kitchen MAPS AND PLANS Plan of Battle of Saltanovka " " Smolensk " " Lubino " " Gorodeczna " " Borodino " " Vinkovo " " Maloyaroslavetz " " Polotsk (2nd) " Order of French Retreat, October 31 " Battle of Viasma " " Krasnoï " Passage of the Berezina " Battle of Polotsk (1st) Map of Theatre of War, showing positions of opposing forces at opening of campaign and movements on both sides up to occupation of Moscow (folding, at end of volume) Map of Theatre of War, showing positions of opposing forces at the evacuation of Moscow and movements on both sides to the end of the campaign (folding, at end of volume) THE N A P O L E O N GALLERY Illustrations Of The Life And Times Of The Emperor Of France