Indian Myth and LegendMackenzie, Donald A. (Donald Alexander)
History
Indian Myth and Legend
Mackenzie, Donald A. (Donald Alexander)
Hindu mythology; Legends -- India
The god was invoked by another warrior, Ashwattaman, son of Drona.
Having naught else to sacrifice, the worshipper flung himself upon the
altar fire; Shiva accepted him and entered his body so as to assist him
in slaughtering his sleeping enemies. Bloody rites were at one time
associated with Shiva worship. As the Destroyer of the Hindu Trinity,
he is armed with a discus, a sword, a bow, and a club; but his most
terrible weapon is the trident. Sometimes he is clad in the skin of an
elephant and sometimes in that of a leopard, the tail dangling behind.
A serpent, coiled on his head, rears itself to strike; another serpent
darts from his right shoulder against an enemy.
The bull symbol, Nandi, the moon crescent on his forehead, and the
serpent girdle, indicate that Shiva is a god of fertility. A phallic
symbol is associated with his worship. In localities he is adored
at the present day in the form of a great boulder painted red which
usually stands below a tree. Offerings are made to this stone, and
women visit it during the period of the moon's increase to pray for
offspring.
As Natesa, the dancer, Shiva dances triumphantly on the body of a slain
Asura. A fine bronze in the Madras Museum depicts him with four arms,
and a beaming, benevolent face, wearing a tiara, and surrounded by a
halo of fire; he absorbed the attributes of Agni as well as those of
Rudra. He is the destroyer of evil and disease, the giver of long life
and the god of medicine, and is accordingly invoked to cure sickness.
Victims of epilepsy are believed to be possessed by Shiva.
In early Puranic times, when Brahmanism was revived and reformed, the
worship of goddesses came into prominence. This was one of the most
pronounced features of the anti-Buddhist movement, and was due probably
to the influence of Great Mother worshippers. In the Vedic Age, as
we have seen, the goddesses were vague and shadowy; as wives of the
gods they were strictly subordinate, reflecting, no doubt, the social
customs which prevailed among the Aryans. Ushas, the dawn, and Ratri,
the night, were mainly poetic conceptions. Even Prithivi, the Earth
Mother, who was symbolized as a cow, played no prominent part in Vedic
religion: a magical influence was exercised by water goddesses. The
male origin of life appears to have been an accepted tenet of Vedic
belief. Aditi, mother of the Adityas, is believed to be of more recent
origin than her sons. Indra seems to have similarly had existence
before his mother, like the other hammer gods, and especially P'an Ku
and Ptah.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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