Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
Only a small portion of the whole number of Indians enslaved were kept
in the colony.[352] Yet, in 1708, it was estimated that the native
population furnished one-fourth of the whole number of slaves in South
Carolina.[353] The public records of that colony contain a list of
ninety-eight Indian slaves with their owners’ names, taken by the
Spaniards and their allies in 1715, during the Indian war, and carried
to St. Augustine. The number of these slaves belonging to individual
persons varied from one to ten.[354] A report of 1723 mentions the
number of slaves in South Carolina and Georgia as ranging from 16,000
to 20,000, “chiefly negroes and a few Indians.”[355] Another report of
the following year estimates the number of slaves as 32,000, “mostly
negroes”,[356] In 1728, the population of St. Thomas’ parish, South
Carolina, consisted of 565 whites, 950 negro slaves, and 60 Indian
slaves.[357] From these statistics, it will be seen that the number of
Indian slaves was much smaller than the number of negroes, and that it
was growing smaller toward the middle of the eighteenth century, while
that of negroes was constantly increasing.
The early history of Indian slavery in Georgia is so bound up with that
of Carolina, the Indian wars, and the difficulties with the Spaniards
of Florida, as to require but little especial attention. After the
settlement of Georgia as a separate colony, occasional mention is
made of Indian slaves.[358] In 1759, as the basis for a tax bill, the
number of slaves was placed at 2500, but a committee of the legislature
declared the number to have been underestimated. How many of this
number were Indians is not known. The colony was settled at a time when
Indian slavery was passing out of existence. So it is safe to state
that the number of such slaves was small.
The number of Indian slaves in Virginia, also, was small, owing largely
to the number of indentured servants, and to the early introduction and
fitness of the negroes for the labor of the colony. In 1671, Berkeley
reported the whole population of the colony as 40,000, the number of
indentured servants as 6000, and that of slaves as 2000.[359] But no
division of slaves according to color was made. In certain sections
but few slaves were used. The Scotch-Irish and the Germans preferred
their own labor to that of slaves. Some Indians were taken in war, but
they were inconsiderable when compared with the number captured in the
Carolinas. Occasional mention of Indian slaves is found well into the
eighteenth century.
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