Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The breaking out of the war of the Spanish Succession in 1701 gave
Governor Moore a chance to attack the Spanish Indians, capture and
sell them under the excuse of the rules of war. Therefore, in 1702,
he led a force of militia and Indians against St. Augustine, burned
the city, and carried off, as slaves, whatever Indians he could
obtain from the Spanish Indian villages along the way.[416] A second
attack on St. Augustine was made by Moore in 1704, with the purpose of
destroying missions and carrying off slaves.[417] An advance into the
territories of the Apalachee resulted in the destruction of several
missions, and the capture of more than a thousand Indians, some free,
some slave.[418] Nearly all the Apalachee were distributed as slaves
among the Carolina settlers.[419] The enslavement of Indians, indeed,
was carried on wholesale. A letter to the proprietors, July 10, 1708,
states that “the garrison of St. Augustine is by this war reduced to
the bare walls, their cattle and Indian towns all consumed, either by
us in our invasion of that place, or by our Indian subjects ... they
have driven the Floridians to the islands of the cape, have brought in
and sold many hundred of them, and maybe now continue that trade, so
that in some five years, they’ll reduce the barbarians to a fearless
number.”[420] In 1708, Colonel Barnwell of South Carolina made an
expedition to the Appalachian province of Florida. It is thought that
this was the time when Captain Nairn of South Carolina, with a party
of Yamasee Indians, advanced to the vicinity of Lake Okechobee and
brought back a number of captive Indians as slaves.[421] A similar
expedition of Colonel Palmer in 1727 against the Yamasee resulted in
the destruction of many Indian towns, the slaughter of many natives,
and the carrying off of great numbers to Charleston as slaves.[422]
As the result of the three expeditions sent by South Carolina from
1702 to 1708 against the Yamasee, Apalachee, and Timucua of northern
Florida, there was carried back to Charleston, for sale as slaves,
almost the entire population of seven towns, in all, some 1400
persons.[423] The captives taken in 1715 when the Yamasee and Creek
Indians made a foray upon the South Carolina frontier, were sold as
slaves. Mr. Johnston, a South Carolina missionary of the Society for
the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in his letter to
the Society, December 19, 1715, states: “It is certain many of the
Yammousees and Creek Indians were against the war all along. But our
military men were so bent upon revenge, and so desirous to enrich
themselves by making all the Indians slaves that fall into yr hands ...
that it is in vain to represent the cruelty and injustice of such a
procedure”.[424]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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