Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical SketchDenig, Edwin Thompson
History
Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical Sketch
Denig, Edwin Thompson
Assiniboine Indians; Indians of North America -- Missouri River Valley
Should the father-in-law happen to go into a lodge where his son-in-law
is seated, the latter would cover his face with his robe and not
speak while the former remained. Usually they stop the one entering
by crying out, “He of whom you are ashamed is here,” when the other
goes away and postpones his visit. All communications on business to
these people by their son-in-law is transacted through his wife or
strangers. To speak to or name the father or mother of an Indian’s wife
would excite the ridicule and laughter of the whole camp. They refer
to them in speaking by mentioning my father- or mother-in-law, as the
case may be, or sometimes say “my wife’s father,” or “her mother.” A
woman does not mention the individual name of her husband nor he hers,
but always say “my husband” or “my wife.” Most of the bands being made
up of relatives, the terms denoting kindred are in constant use in
conversation.
The hunter state with all these prairie tribes is precarious and
uncertain. They are often weeks and months without enough meat and
not infrequently reduced to absolute famine. Whenever the buffalo are
plenty they have no difficulty in procuring more meat than they can use
and then do dry some, but they are very improvident and their small
supplies are soon exhausted.
Indians who have numbers of horses, like the Crows and Sioux, follow
the buffalo at all seasons, with their camp, but those who have but
few horses, like the Assiniboin, can not follow them through the deep
snow. When they are far from their lodges the men go over the snow on
snowshoes and pack the hides to camp on dogs. From observation and
experience they know that the buffalo approach the timber when the snow
is deep on the plains to eat twigs and wild rosebuds. They therefore
place their camps along some stream in the commencement of the winter
and await their approach. None of these nations except the Cree are
good elk and deer hunters, consequently their whole dependence is on
the buffalo, which, as we have stated, is precarious. Their raiment
made of skins is durable, one suit being sufficient for a year, and
game is always found in sufficient number to furnish them with garments
before they actually need them. There is no distress on this score.
Their habits and pursuits, as will be seen through these pages, do not
admit of their wearing any other material than that made of skins;
except in warm weather and for show on occasions, none other is worn.
Inasmuch as women are of great advantage to the Indians by their labor,
a plurality of wives is required by a good hunter. The domestic peace
of a family does not suffer much on that account. There are, to be
sure, quarrels among the women occasionally, but these generally end
in personal abuse and recrimination, or are quelled by the master, if
present.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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