Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical SketchDenig, Edwin Thompson
History
Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical Sketch
Denig, Edwin Thompson
Assiniboine Indians; Indians of North America -- Missouri River Valley
Owing to the length of time required to scrape, stretch, dry, dress,
and smoke even one skin it will be seen that the labor of the woman is
much greater than that of the man, and she must have help or she could
not attend to the domestic affairs of a large family.
A surplus of dressed skins is also necessary to buy the supplies they
can not and do not make and to replace stolen or crippled horses. Thus
an Indian with but one wife can not amass property, as the whole of
her time would be employed in the absolute requisite domestic labors
without being able to collect any skins for trade.
The first woman an Indian marries and the last are generally his
favorites, the first because he has become accustomed to her ways,
has children by her, and who manages the lodge in all its domestic
arrangements, and the last because she is youngest and often
handsomest. The actual labor performed by either of these is not near
as great as by the other women. Indeed, all the others are looked upon
in the light of laborers. To support several women, of course, requires
greater exertions on the part of the man in hunting, but this is more
than compensated for by their labor in dressing skins, which enable
him to purchase horses, guns, and other means to hunt with greater
facility. When buffalo are plenty, anyone can kill. The raw hide of the
animal has no value. It is the labor of putting it in the form of a
robe or skin fit for sale or use that makes its worth. Women therefore
are the greatest wealth an Indian possesses next to his horses. Often
they are of primary consideration, as after war by their labor is the
only way he could acquire horses, the only standard of their wealth.
There is never any difficulty regarding raiment. Skins are durable
and during the summer (when they make it) every Indian will kill
enough animals for that purpose. He must do so or die, as but a small
portion of the skins of the animals requisite for food will furnish the
clothing. As it stands in the winter season, the women are never idle,
the men also have pretty constant employment, but from spring till fall
they both have a comparatively easy life. Domestic discords are not
very common in their lodges.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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