Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical SketchDenig, Edwin Thompson
History
Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical Sketch
Denig, Edwin Thompson
Assiniboine Indians; Indians of North America -- Missouri River Valley
Is each band entitled to one or more chiefs? There is, as observed
before, but one nominal chief to each band, and it is he who leads
it. Yet this position does not destroy nor militate against the will
of several others in the same band whose voices are as much entitled
to a hearing and sometimes more so than his. No man’s rule over them
is absolute; their government is pure democracy. Their consent to be
governed or led by any man is voluntarily given and likewise withdrawn
at the discretion of the person. But their existence as a people
depends on forming themselves into bodies capable of defense. These
bodies must have leaders and these leaders must be brave, respected,
followed, and supported. In case of a treaty either with whites or
with Indians of other nations, the leading chief’s voice would have no
additional weight because he is in that position. He would be allowed
to state his opinions with others of the same standing as men in the
same band, but nothing more. As a good deal that is to follow will
depend upon receiving a correct idea of these chiefs or leaders we do
not like to leave any portion of these matters obscure or unanswered.
There are no bands more honorable than others; some are more powerful,
more rascally, or more tractable, but no aristocratic or honorable
distinctions exist.
SOLDIERS.—Having mentioned and explained the divisions of bands
and clans with the chiefs thereof, the next important body in their
government is the ah-kitch-e-tah,[12] or soldiers or guard. These
soldiers are picked from the band on account of their proved bravery
and disposition to see things well conducted. They are men of family
from 25 to 45 years old, steady, resolute, and respectable, and in them
is vested the whole active power of governing the camp or rather of
carrying out the decrees and decisions of councils. In a camp of 200
lodges they would number 50 to 60 men, and in a camp of 60 lodges 10 to
15 men. The soldiers’ lodge is pitched in the center of the camp and
occupied by some of them all the time, although the whole body are only
called when the chief wishes a public meeting or when their hunting
regulations are to be decided upon. This is their statehouse; all
business relative to the camp and other nations is transacted there,
and all strangers or visitors, white or red, are lodged therein.
[12] In form and sense this term _ah-kitch-e-tah_ is identical with
the Chippewa _kitchitwa_, “sacred, holy, honorable,” and with the Cree
_okitchitaw_, “a brave, a soldier, un soldat.”
Neither women, children, nor even young men are allowed to enter in
business hours and seldom are seen there at any time. All tongues of
animals killed in hunting belong to this lodge if they wish them, and
the choicest parts of meat are furnished them by the young hunters all
the time. A tax is also laid on the camp for the tobacco smoked here,
which is no small quantity, and the women are each obliged to furnish
some wood and water daily.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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