Indians of North America -- Colorado; Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.)
The winter passes slowly. For those who are strong and active it has no
terrors although it may cause a certain amount of discomfort. For those
who are weak and sick it becomes an ordeal. At no time during the winter
is Cliff Palace free from sickness and suffering and the spirits of the
people are often low. In January the cold becomes more intense. Scores
of fires burn brightly in the great cave as the people attempt to drive
out the cold. Some nights the temperature falls very close to zero. High
overhead hangs a brilliant white moon and the snowy canyon is almost as
light as day. From the cliff near the great ceremonial building comes
the wail of a coyote: from the mesa top comes the mournful hoot of an
owl. The cave is quiet except for low chanting in some of the kivas and
the snoring of old men. Sometimes a baby whimpers or a sick person
groans. Now and then a muffled scream echoes through the cave as an aged
sufferer cries out from the agony of arthritis or an abscessed tooth.
There is little travel during the coldest periods. The men forego their
hunting and visiting and everyone stays close to the sheltering cave
with the single idea of keeping warm and well. The city is quieter now:
there is none of the boisterous gaiety that was so pronounced during the
other seasons.
The men spend most of their time in the kivas while the women and
children gather around the fires in the courtyards. The turkeys roost in
the back of the cave at night and come out in the daytime to wander
about the courts and roof-tops and fight with the dogs for scraps of
food that are thrown to them. During periods when there is deep snow in
the canyon, the turkeys are fed small amounts of the precious corn but
in late winter they grow thin and bedraggled. When they are not roaming
about the city searching for food they sit in quiet rows on the
housetops, feathers fluffed against the cold. The turkeys are highly
prized, both for their meat and for their feathers, but they lead a
miserable existence. They do not thrive in the cold shadowy cave and the
flocks usually are not large. Not only are they tormented by children
and dogs but regularly they suffer the indignity of having their
feathers plucked for use in ceremonies and in the manufacture of feather
blankets.
As the end of winter draws near the food becomes more monotonous. Many
of the tastier foods are gone: the supplies of pinon nuts, dried fruits,
roots, squash and dried berries are completely exhausted. Now each meal
consists of meat, corn bread and beans. Sometimes the meat is fresh but
usually it is meat that was dried last fall. This meat is as hard as
rawhide and must be pounded with stones and thoroughly cooked before it
can be eaten. In order to gain variety the women bake the corn bread in
every possible way and corn meal, meat and beans are combined in
numerous forms. Still the food is monotonous and everyone longs for
something green.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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