=Gold=, the most exported metal, while found in every State, has been chiefly sought and profitably worked in Guayana, where in the Yuruary region considerable mining has been done. True alluvial belts are found, zones of shale, and quartz veins. The alluvial deposits known are mainly near the British Guiana border in the Cuyuni and El Dorado districts. Placer gold exists along the Caroni River and in smaller tributaries of the Orinoco above Ciudad Bolívar. The rock formation shows the gold to be in stingers and crystalline grains of arsenical pyrite, from which the placers and pockets have been formed. The quartz veins are more northerly near El Callao, where $50,000,000 are said to have been produced in thirty odd years. One mine in the Yuruari district has yielded 35,000 ounces. Metal is found in pockets 50-100 feet deep about 150 miles from the Orinoco. An English company has mining claims west of El Callao, where the ore is treated with quicksilver and cyanide, yielding 1-4 ounces per ton. Another company is working on the La Paz Bonanza, where 10,000 ounces were taken out by crude methods from rich veinlets and pockets almost at the surface. Several other companies are engaged, French and Venezuelan, one along the Cicapra River, a branch of the upper Yuruari. It is estimated that several million cubic yards with an average yield of $1.00 each are here available at a cost of 50 cents per yard. With better transportation and other facilities this section may come into the front rank of gold mining districts in South America. At present it is said to be better adapted to individual operators than to large companies. The climate is not unhealthful if suitable precautions are taken. The country is well wooded except near Callao. The average yearly production of gold is 900,000 grams. =Copper= is known to exist in several States: Falcón, Carabobo, Mérida, Lara, a rich deposit in the northern part of Cojedes; but the only one vigorously and very profitably operated is that of Aroa in Yaracuy, where dividends have been 75-350 per cent. Near Nirgua in the same State other copper mines have been worked.