The wearer having put the equipment over his shoulders, fastens the belt and takes the plug out of the mouthpiece. The moment the mouthpiece is put into the mouth or the mask is adjusted, the main valve (H) is to be opened not more than one turn and the necessary supply of oxygen will then flow into the bag. It is advisable to open the by-pass (I) to inflate partially the breathing bag (D) for a start, but this valve should again be screwed up quite tight and not touched again, except in the case of emergency as previously described should the bag become deflated. Breathing will then go on comfortably. Should the by-pass (I) on the reducing valve (C) get out of order then the wearer should turn on the by-pass (I) from time to time to give himself the necessary quantity of oxygen, but, as stated above, this is only to be done in case of deflation of the bag. The best guide as to the quantity of oxygen to admit _in the above circumstances_ is the degree of inflation of the breathing bag. It will be found to be quite satisfactory if the bag be kept moderately distended. _After using the apparatus._—The caustic soda should _at once_ be thrown away, but if it is neglected and the soda becomes caked, it must be dissolved out with warm water before putting in a fresh supply. Caustic soda will not damage vulcanised indiarubber, but it will damage canvas and leather, and will burn the skin if allowed to remain upon it. If the apparatus is to be used again at once, it can be recharged with caustic soda at once, but if it is only to be charged ready for use at some future time the indiarubber bag should be thoroughly washed out with warm water and dried inside with a cloth or towel. When emptying or recharging the rubber bag with caustic soda, it must always be removed from the canvas bag. After use each day, it is advisable to wash the rubber mouthpiece (or mask, as the case may be) with yellow soap and water. This acts as a preservative to the indiarubber. Every man who is to use the apparatus should have his own mouthpiece and noseclip, or mask, as the case may be, under his own special care, both for sanitary reasons and so that he may shape and adjust the mask to fit himself comfortably and air-tightly, to such an extent that if the outlets are stopped up by the hands while the mask is held in position by its bands no breath can pass in or out. [Illustration: FIG. 40.—‘Proto’ Patent Self-breathing Apparatus (_Siebe, Gorman & Co._)] [Illustration: FIG. 41.—Arrangement of Cloak-room, Washing and Bath Accommodation, and Meal-room in a White Lead Factory]