In the textile industry only a few manipulations are associated with serious risk of poisoning. Those engaged in carbonising are exposed to acid fumes; closed and ventilated apparatus, therefore, as far as possible, require to be used and the acid gases escaping from them should be absorbed. These requirements are fulfilled by carbonising stoves which are ventilated and connected with coke condensers. It is especially urged that only arsenic free acid be employed, as otherwise danger of poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen may be incurred. In the making of _artificial silk_, according to the Chardonnet-Cadoret process, the precautionary measures recommended in nitrating together with careful exhaustion of the ether and camphor fumes apply. The combustion gases (containing carbonic oxide) developed in the process of singeing are harmful and require to be led away at their source. Poisonous metallic salts, especially lead and lead-containing zinc, are used as weighting materials, in dressing or finishing, and sometimes cause symptoms among the workers. Apart from the danger to those occupied in spinning and weaving, the workers who handle these products (in the clothing trade) also run a risk from lead. Precautionary measures are necessary in the _varnishing of woven materials_, as the substances employed may contain volatile poisonous solvents. If these poisonous solvents cannot be replaced by others less poisonous, carefully applied exhaust ventilation must be provided. The same holds good when carbon bisulphide, benzene, and benzine are used as solvents in the production of woven materials impregnated with indiarubber. Employment of lead salts and other poisonous metallic salts in the glossing of woven materials, or in order to render them non-inflammable, is to be deprecated. Cases of lead poisoning have occurred in the working-up of asbestos, as lead wire is sometimes used in the process of weaving. To protect workers in _chlorine_ and _sulphur bleaching_ from poisoning by chlorine or sulphur dioxide the gases arising from the bleaching liquids should be drawn away. Use of closed bleaching apparatus, as is the case in large works, reduces the danger to a minimum. Bleaching-rooms should be connected with a powerful stoneware fan, so that they may be thoroughly aired before they are entered. Dye Works Industrial poisoning by dyes is, in general, rare, as the natural dyes (wood and tar dyes) are almost without exception non-poisonous. Further, the dyes are generally only used in diluted solution. Formerly the arsenic in many tar dyes caused poisoning, but now it is usually the mordants which have harmful effect. To this class belong chromic acid salts and mordants containing arsenic, antimony (tartar-emetic), and also chloride of tin. In the scraping off of layers of paint containing arsenic, arsenic dust may arise. In Turkey red dyeworks, especially sodium arsenite is used for fixing the tar dyes.