Among the 2500-2700 workers Grandhomme records 122 cases of industrial sickness in the three years 1893-5, involving 724 sick days. In addition to forty-two cases of anilism there were seventy-six cases of lead poisoning with 533 sick days. Most of these were not lead burners, but workers newly employed in the nitrating department who neglected the prescribed precautionary measures. Lastly, he mentions the occurrence of chrome ulceration. The frequency of sickness in the Höchst factory in each of the years 1893-5 was remarkably high: 126 per cent., 91 per cent., and 95 per cent. Much less was the morbidity in the years 1899-1906—about 66 per cent.—recorded by Leymann[2]—probably the same Höchst factory with 2000 to 2200 employed. And the cases of industrial poisoning also were less. He cites only twenty-one in the whole of the period 1899-1906. Of these twelve were due to aniline, involving thirty sick days, only five to lead poisoning, with fifty-four sick days, one to chrome ulceration, one to arseniuretted hydrogen gas (nine sick days), and one fatal case each from sulphuretted hydrogen gas and from dimethyl sulphate. In 1899, of three slight cases of aniline poisoning one was attributable to paranitraniline (inhalation of dust), and the two others to spurting of aniline oil on to the clothing, which was not at once changed. Of the four cases in 1900, one was a plumber repairing pipes conveying aniline and the others persons whose clothes had been splashed. In 1903 a worker employed for eleven and a half years in the aniline department died of cancer of the bladder. Such cancerous tumours have for some years been not infrequently observed in aniline workers, and operations for their removal performed. Leymann thinks it very probable that the affection is set up, or its origin favoured, by aniline. This view must be accepted, and the disease regarded as of industrial origin. Three slight cases in 1904 and 1905 were due partly to contamination of clothing and partly to inhalation of fumes. Of the five cases of lead poisoning three were referable to previous lead employment. Perforation of the septum of the nose by bichromate dust was reported once only. A fatal case from sulphuretted hydrogen gas and a case of poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen gas occurred in 1906, but their origin could not be traced. In large modern aniline dye factories, therefore, the health of the workers is, on the whole, good and industrial poisoning rare. Comparison of the two sets of statistics show that improvement in health has followed on improved methods of manufacture. Such cases of aniline poisoning as are reported are usually slight, and often accounted for by carelessness on the part of the workers.