In changing front for the purpose of attack or defense, if there is danger of wounding a comrade, the rifle should first be brought to a vertical position. [Illustration: Par. 44.] III. INSTRUCTION WITHOUT THE BAYONET. 44. 1. _Club rifle_, 2. _SWING_. Being at order arms, at the preparatory command quickly raise and turn the rifle, regrasping it with both hands between the rear sight and muzzle, barrel down, thumbs around the stock and toward the butt; at the same time raise the rifle above the shoulder farthest from the opponent, butt elevated and to the rear, elbows slightly bent and knees straight. Each individual takes such position of the feet, shoulders, and hands as best accords with his natural dexterity. _SWING._ Tighten the grasp of the hands and swing the rifle to the front and downward, directing it at the head of the opponent and immediately return to the position of _club rifle_ by completing the swing of the rifle downward and to the rear. Repeat by the command, _SWING_. The rifle should be swung with sufficient force to break through any guard or parry that may be interposed. Being at _club rifle_, order arms is resumed by command. The use of this attack against dummies or in fencing is prohibited. 45. The position of _club rifle_ may be taken from any position of the rifle prescribed in the Manual of Arms. It will not be taken in personal combat unless the emergency is such as to preclude the use of the bayonet. IV. COMBINED MOVEMENTS. 46. The purpose of combined movements is to develop more vigorous attacks and more effective defenses than are obtained by the single movements; to develop skill in passing from attack to defense and the reverse. Every movement to the front should be accompanied by an attack, which is increased in effectiveness by the forward movement of the body. Every movement to the rear should ordinarily be accompanied by a parry and should always be followed by an attack. Movements to the right or left may be accompanied by attacks or defenses. 47. Not more than three movements will be used in any combination. The instructor should first indicate the number of movements that are to be combined as _two movements_ or _three movements_. The execution is determined by one command of execution, and the position of guard is taken upon the completion of the last movement only. EXAMPLES. _Front pass and LUNGE._ _Right step and THRUST._ _Left step and low parry RIGHT._ _Rear pass, parry left and LUNGE._ _Lunge and cut RIGHT._ _Parry right and parry HIGH._ _Butt strike and cut DOWN._ _Thrust and parry HIGH._ _Parry high and LUNGE._ _Advance, thrust and cut RIGHT._ _Right step, parry left and cut DOWN._ _To the left, butt strike and cut DOWN._ _To the right rear, cut down and butt STRIKE._ 48. Attacks against dummies will be practiced. The approach will be made against the dummies both in quick time and double time.