(i) Attack and defence; general principles; control of fire; effect of fire; fire discipline; infantry formations with regard to fire; protection of flanks; duties of half company, section, and squad commanders. Infantry in attack; general rules; distribution; duties of several bodies; the decisive attack; the assault; rallying and redistribution; measures to secure a position won; holding attacks; feints; flank attacks; surprises; issue of orders; formations generally and formations to meet emergencies; frontage, direction, pace; utilisation of cover and adapting formations to ground; fire positions and mutual support of units, by fire, to cover advances; practice of casualties. Infantry in defence; distribution; occupation of a position; counter-attacks. Attack and defence of positions, woods, defiles, bridges, houses, &c. Retirements. Action against cavalry and artillery. Escort to guns. Supply of ammunition. (ii) Composition, formation and action of advanced, rear and flank guards, by day and night, in various circumstances. (iii) Scouting. Conduct of patrols by day and night in varying country. Reconnoitring positions, woods, defiles, villages. Importance of observing and reporting accurately what is seen. Necessity of transmitting information. Ambuscades. (iv) Outposts, general principles; importance of vigilance of change from day to night positions; attack by day and night. Opportunity must be given for locating sounds and estimating their distance by night. Night marching to be combined with surprise attacks on the outpost line. (v) Convoys; their escort, attack and defence. (vi) Use of pick and shovel; marking out and execution of tasks; extension of working parties by day and night. Execution of shelter trenches and a portion of a field work; selection of site, profile, construction by day and under cover of darkness. (vii) Defence of hedges, banks, ditches, posts, houses, &c. Obstacles. Construction of loopholes. Use of cutting tools. Revetments. Penetration of bullets. (viii) Knotting and lashing. The loading of pack animals Method of packing wheeled transport. (ix) Camping. Pitching, striking, unpacking and packing tents in the valise. Telling off camp parties. Bivouacs. Sanitary precautions in camp and on the line of march; position and construction of latrines. Field kitchens; cooking in mess tins; kneading and baking bread and chupatties; cooking of ration biscuits. Orders concerning water supply and boiling of water. Expedients for increase of men’s comfort in the field; care of feet. =182.= _Battalion Training._ 1. _Method of instruction_-- The training of the battalion will be carried out on the principles that have been laid down for the company. SPECIAL TRAINING OF NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. =183.= _Method of Instruction._