merchant marine nearly half as large again as that of Russia and Finland combined--1,569,646 tons[125] as against 1,084,165 tons. This growing dependence of a civilized people upon its land is characterized by intelligence and self-help. Man forms a partnership with nature, contributing brains and labor, while she provides the capital or raw material in ever more abundant and varied forms. As a result of this cooeperation, held by the terms of the contract, he secures a better living than the savage who, like a mendicant, accepts what nature is pleased to dole out, and lives under the tyranny of her caprices. NOTES TO CHAPTER III [79] H.J. Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, p. 196. London, 1904. [80] Gardner, Atlas of English History, Map 29. New York, 1905. [81] Hereford George, Historical Geography of Great Britain, pp. 58-60. London, 1904. [82] Lewis Morgan, Ancient Society, p. 62. New York, 1878. [83] Franklin H. Giddings, Elements of Sociology, p. 247. New York, 1902. [84] Schoolcraft, The Indian Tribes of the United States, Vol. I, pp. 198-200, 224. Philadelphia, 1853. [85] _Ibid._, Vol. I, pp. 231-232, 241. [86] Roosevelt, The Winning of the West, Vol. I, pp. 70-73, 88. New York, 1895. [87] McGee and Thomas, Prehistoric North America, pp. 392-393, 408, Vol. XIX, of _History of North America_, edited by Francis W. Thorpe, Philadelphia, 1905. _Eleventh Census Report on the Indians_, p. 51. Washington, 1894. [88] Hans Helmolt, History of the World, Vol. II, pp. 249-250. New York, 1902-1906. [89] Spencer and Gillen, Northern Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 13-15. London, 1904. [90] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, p. 126. London, 1896-1898. [91] Roscher, _National-Oekonomik des Ackerbaues_, p. 24. Stuttgart, 1888. [92] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, p. 131. London, 1896-1898. [93] Paul Ehrenreich, _Die Einteilung und Verbreitung der Voelkerstaemme Brasiliens_, Peterman's _Geographische Mittheilungen_, Vol. XXXVII, p. 85. Gotha, 1891. [94] Roscher, _National-Oekonomik des Ackerbaues_, p. 26, Note 5. Stuttgart, 1888. [95] _Ibid._, p. 27. [96] Albert Niblack, The Coast Indians of Southern Alaska and Northern British Columbia, pp. 298-299, 304, 337-339. Washington, 1888. [97] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. III, p. 173. London, 1896-1898. [98] _Ibid._, Vol. III. pp. 173-174. [99] Sven Hedin, Central Asia and Tibet, Vol. I, p. 184. New York and London, 1903. [100] John de Plano Carpini, Journey in 1246, p. 130. _Hakluyt Society_, London, 1904. [101] Journey of William de Rubruquis in 1253, p. 188. _Hakluyt Society_, London, 1903. [102] Volney, quoted in Malthus, Principles of Population, Chap. VII, p. 60. London, 1878. [103] Genesis, Chap. XIII, 1-12. [104] Herbert Spencer, Principles of Sociology, Vol. I. p. 457. New York. [105] Heinrich von Treitschke, _Politik_, Vol. I, pp. 202-204. Leipzig, 1897. [106] E.C. Semple, American History and Its Geographic Conditions, pp. 206-207. Boston, 1903.