Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
That the meningococcus should be classed in this group is certain. The
author observed at Camp Sevier cases of epidemic meningitis occurring in
various influenza wards scattered throughout the hospital, with no
demonstrable relationship. Usually there was but one case in a ward and
almost invariably meningitis occurred when convalescence was beginning.
No epidemic occurred in any ward. Others have reported actual epidemics
of meningitis following influenza. Moss found that a large proportion of
his influenza cases had the meningococcus in the circulating blood, as
demonstrated by culture. Fletcher cultivated meningococci from the lungs
in all of eleven autopsies, and in all eleven cases the influenza
bacillus was also present.
In considering the effect of influenza on the death rate in general, and
in considering the relationship of influenza to other diseases in
general, it is important to distinguish those diseases which are
apparently unrelated and those diseases which occur as direct
complications or sequelae. Bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, empyema, otitis
media, frequently tonsillitis and sometimes erysipelas, occur as
sequelae. Meningitis should frequently be included in this group.
Not only is there an increase in certain other diseases following
influenza outbreaks, genetically related, as we have seen, but also some
observers, particularly Crookshank, believe that previous to epidemic
influenza prevalences there occurs an increase in the incidence of other
entirely unrelated infectious diseases, such as poliomyelitis. This
theory of simultaneous increase in invasiveness of many apparently
unrelated germs is comparatively new and will probably receive deep
consideration in the future. For the present the information on the
subject is so limited that attempted conclusions would have no value.
ORIGIN OF THE 1918 PANDEMIC.
In discussing the spread of the 1918 pandemic over the earth, the author
has traced it from an apparent origin in the United States. Localized
early epidemics are reported simultaneously in the United States,
France, and China. From the literature at his disposal he has been
unable to find convincing proof of an earlier origin in Asia, but he did
emphasize at the time the necessity of a much more thorough study of
influenza in all countries to be made by more competent statisticians.
Nevertheless it is highly interesting to formulate an hypothesis which
appears to meet all demands, on the assumption that the disease
originated in America. In order to hold a theory with this basis we must
assume that the third of our previously mentioned hypotheses of the
origin of the disease is the more nearly correct.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account