Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
“The ‘cantonment’ group of camps gave a much higher death rate from
influenza and its complications than the ‘tent’ camp or ‘departmental’
group. At first glance it would appear that the different housing
conditions and the more marked overcrowding in cantonments at the time
would fully account for this divergence. Closer study, however, leads to
the conclusion that geographical location was a factor of equal or
greater importance. It is well known that the disease was most virulent
and fatal in the northern, eastern and middle west states, a district in
which cantonments predominated. In the southern and Pacific coast
states, where the most of the tent camps were located, a milder type of
the disease prevailed, with fewer resultant fatalities. Camp Lewis,
Washington, and Camp Gordon, Georgia (both cantonments), had relatively
low death rates, approximating those in nearby tent camps. On the other
hand, Camp Syracuse, New York, and Camp Colt, Pennsylvania (both tent
camps), suffered severely and reported death rates approximating those
of cantonments in the same geographical district.”
Three waves of influenza are reported by Stanley at San Quentin Prison.
During the early wave it was estimated that over 500 of the 1,900 men in
the prison population were ill. The wave lasted for a little over two
weeks. In the second epidemic there were 69 cases in all, ten per cent.
of which developed pneumonia, with two deaths. There were fewer
ambulatory cases than in the first. Three and seven-tenths per cent. of
the population was attacked in the second epidemic, as compared with 27
per cent. in the first. In the third epidemic there were 59 cases, with
no pneumonia and no deaths.
Hernando estimates that in the Philippine Islands, 40 per cent. of the
total population of 7,000,000 was stricken with the disease. The
epidemic began in June, although it did not become severe until October.
The group of ages that suffered most were those between ten and
twenty-nine years. Hernando does not believe that the disease was
imported because cases were reported before ships arrived from infected
countries. After the importation of cases from elsewhere the disease
assumed the more severe form.
Armstrong, in reporting a survey of 700 influenza convalescents in
Framingham, Mass., remarked that 16 per cent. of the entire population
were infected with influenza. Reeks, in a house survey in New Britain,
Connecticut, found from among 2,757 persons that the morbidity rate
reached 234 per thousand. Dr. Niven found in his block census in
Manchester, England, that of 4,721 individuals, 1,108 (25 per cent.) had
developed the disease. Fourteen and eight-tenths per cent. of the
population were attacked in the summer and 10.4 per cent. during the
autumn and winter.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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