Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
“Some occupations are said to afford protection against influenza. Thus
workmen in tanneries, chloride of lime, tar, cement, sulphuric acid,
glass, and coke works, are said to have escaped the disease with
extraordinary frequency.
“We shall be compelled perhaps to agree with Leichtenstern in his
conclusion that occupation and social position only in so far exert an
influence on the frequency of the disease as certain occupations in life
lead to more or less contact with travellers.
“Very remarkable is the proportionately small number of soldiers
affected, at least in the Prussian army, where, according to the
official record, the epidemic from its beginning to its end attacked
only 101.5 per thousand of the entire forces.”
Comparison of morbidity by occupation necessarily includes so many
variables and so many factors other than occupation that the results are
decidedly unsatisfactory. An example is found in Jordan, Reed and Fink’s
report of the incidence among troops in the Student Army Training Camps
in Chicago. They found a strikingly different attack rate in the various
groups studied. In the Chicago Telephone Exchange they ranged from 30 to
270 per 1,000, although the working conditions in the various exchanges
were not materially different. In the Student Army Training Corps at the
University of Chicago the lowest was 39 and the highest 398 per 1,000.
The higher rate group was particularly exposed to infection while the
lower, although composed of men of similar ages, living under similar
conditions, were guarded to a considerable extent against contact with
beginning cases.
Woolley has made an interesting observation on the effect of occupation:
“The disease was no respecter of persons except that it was more severe
in those who were hard workers. Those who tried to ‘buck the game’ and
‘stay with it’ showed the highest mortality rates. So, the
non-commissioned officers and the nurses suffered more severely than the
commissioned officers and privates.
“The annual morbidity rate per 1,000 was as follows:
For commissioned officers 261
Non-commissioned officers 208
Nurses 416
White enlisted men 568
Black enlisted men 1,130
“The annual mortality rate per 1,000 was:
For commissioned officers 69
Non-commissioned officers 83
Nurses 77
White enlisted men 145
Black enlisted men 253
“The case mortalities were:
Per cent.
For commissioned officers 26.8
Non-commissioned officers 40.0
Nurses 33.3
White enlisted men 26.0
Black enlisted men 22.5
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