Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
The mortality, even as the morbidity, has varied in different localities
and at different periods. The low morbidity and mortality in the spring
of 1918 has been frequently mentioned. Among the Esquimaux in Alaska the
death toll was terrific. Whole villages of Esquimaux lost their entire
adult population. It has been estimated that in British India the death
roll totalled 5,000,000. “The central, northern and western portions of
India were the worst sufferers. The hospitals in the Punjab were choked
so that it was impossible to move the dead quickly enough to make room
for the dying. The streets and lanes of the cities were littered with
dead and dying people. The postal and telegraph services were completely
disorganized; the train service continued, but at all principal stations
dead and dying people were being removed from the trains. The burning
ghats and burial grounds were literally swamped with corpses, while an
even greater number awaited removal. The depleted medical service,
itself sorely stricken by the epidemic, was incapable of dealing with
more than a minute fraction of the sickness requiring attention. Nearly
every household was lamenting death, and everywhere terror and confusion
reigned. No part of the Punjab escaped.”
The Bureau of the Census estimates that 445,000 deaths from the epidemic
of influenza occurred in the United States in the period between
September 1st and December 31st, 1918. There is no doubt but that the
total death toll for that epidemic exceeded 500,000 individuals.
According to Winslow and Rogers, the two highest annual death rates on
record in Connecticut are both rates of 19.4 per 1,000 and these two
rates are for the influenza epidemic years of 1892 and 1918. In the
earlier of these two the normal general death rate was several points
higher than it is today, so that the effect of the recent epidemic was
much more serious than was that of its predecessor. For a single month
the death toll of October, 1918, was absolutely unprecedented in
Connecticut. They estimate that the epidemic between September, 1918,
and January, 1919, cost the State 5.5 lives per 1,000 population, or, in
all, 7,700 lives.
In the United States Army there was a total of 688,869 admissions for
influenza. The total deaths ascribed to the disease are 39,731, which
gives a rate of 15.64 per 1,000 for the acute respiratory diseases out
of the total disease death rate of 18.81 for the year. In 1915 the per
cent. of deaths from this group of infections was under 18 per cent. of
the total from all diseases. During the last four months of 1918, 11,670
deaths from influenza and pneumonia occurred in the American
Expeditionary Forces in France. There were approximately 1,600,000
officers and men in the United States and an equal number in France.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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