Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
An editorial comment in the Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, July 4,
1918, remarks that the influenza pandemic “which probably has spread
from Spain in the last few days” has appeared in several places in
Germany in the South and the North, and in Berlin. According to the
information received up to that time the disease was of short duration
and without severe complications. The issue of July 11th reports that
the influenza epidemic appears to have already passed its peak in Berlin
and that in Süddeutschland the spread of the epidemic has become very
wide.
The Office International d’Hygiène Publique records that the pandemic
spread throughout Switzerland towards the end of June, 1918, after
having invaded a certain number of European states, coming from various
army fronts. It was at first of mild severity.
Böhm states that the deaths from pneumonia and influenza in Vienna began
to show an increase in the week ending July 30th. In August they
returned to the normal rate. The second wave occurred in Vienna in the
middle of September.
From the information at our disposal we are unable to determine from
what direction the pandemic entered either Switzerland or Austria. The
point of entry into Switzerland is of relatively little importance in
tracing the spread on the continent of Europe. Presumably it entered
from the north or northwest. The disease appeared in Berne in June,
reaching its height in that canton in the middle of July and dying out
in August (Sobernheim and Novkaovie).
Information of the place of entrance into Spain is also rather
indefinite. We are told that Barcelona was one of the cities attacked
early. Barcelona is situated on the Mediterranean near the French border
and is quite directly connected by commerce with Marseilles and other
French ports on the Mediterranean.
In June the disease had also spread to Norway and outside of Europe to
the West Indies, South America, India and China. A short notice in the
Public Health Reports tells us that epidemic influenza with an estimated
number of 1,500 cases began in Christiania, Norway, about June 15th.
Atiles relates that influenza appeared in Porto Rico in June, soon after
the arrival of a ship from Spain. It spread rapidly, and it is estimated
that at one time fully eight per cent. of the entire population had the
disease simultaneously, and that forty per cent. of the population were
affected during the epidemic.
The Health Officer at Bombay made report in July, 1918, on an
influenza-like disease then spreading throughout India. It was stated
that the disease was introduced into Bombay from overseas by a transport
which arrived May 31, 1918; that by June 22d the disease had become
epidemic at Bombay, and that it was present in July, 1918, at Calcutta
and Madras.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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