THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.--In drama, _Quintana_ also produced a _Pelagia_; the Duke of Rivas a _Don Alvaro_, which enjoyed an immediate success; Zorilla a _Don Juan_ entirely novel in conception; Martinez de la Rose tragedies, some in the classic vein, others with modern intrigue and comedies; Gutierrez, by his _Foundling_, attracted the attention of librettists of French operas; Breton de los Herreros wrote sparkling comedies, the multiplicity of which suggest Scribe. In prose, Fernan Caballero was a fertile novelist and an attentive and accurate painter of manner. Trueba (who was also an elegant poet) was an affecting idyllic novelist. Emilio Castelar, the Lamartine of Spain as he was called by Edmond About, was a splendid orator, thrown by the chances of political life for one hour at the head of national affairs, who raised himself to the highest rank in the admiration of his contemporaries by his novels: for instance, _The Sister of Charity_ and his works on philosophical history and the history of art, _Civilisation in the First Centuries of Christianity_, _The Life of Byron_, _Souvenirs of Italy_, etc. In our day, there have been numerous distinguished authors (and for us, at least, out of the crowd stands forth the dramatist José Echegaray), who carry on the glorious tradition of Spanish literature. CHAPTER XX RUSSIAN LITERATURE Middle Ages. Some Epic Narratives. Renaissance in the Seventeenth Century. Literature Imitative of the West in the Eighteenth Century. Original Literature in the Nineteenth Century.