Schäfer says: “An area of the dorsum of the distal phalanx of a finger contains about seven times as many touch spots as an equal area between the shoulders. Regions poor in touch spots are the flexor surface of the upper arm, the upper third of the thigh, the leg above the inner malleolus, the neck, and in general the skin over subcutaneous surfaces of bone.”[81] [81] Schäfer’s _Text-Book of Physiology_. TABLE IV.--_Distribution of Cold and Warmth Sensations._ The Scale includes twelve grades of sensation in cold, and eight in warmth sensations, and commences with the regions which yield the maximal intensity of sensation. _Cold Sensations._ 1. Tips of fingers and toes, malleoli, ankle. 2. Other regions of digits, tip of nose, olecranon. 3. Chin, palm, gums, glabella (a small central area just above bridge of nose). 4. Occiput, patella, wrist. 5. Clavicle, neck, forehead, tongue. 6. Buttock, upper eyelid. 7. Lower eyelid, popliteal space, sole, cheek. 8. Inner aspect of thigh, arm above elbow. 9. Intercostal spaces along region of axillary line. 10. Areola of mamma. 11. Nipple, flank. 12. Certain areas of loins and abdomen. _Warmth Sensations._ Absent from lower gums, mucosa of cheek at second lower molar and cornea. 1. Tips of fingers and toes, cavity of mouth, conjunctiva, patella. 2. Remaining surfaces of digits, middle of forehead, olecranon. 3. Glabella, chin, clavicle. 4. Palm, buttock, popliteal space. 5. Neck. 6. Back. 7. Lower eyelid, cheek. 8. Nipple, loin. TABLE V.--_Distribution of Cold and Warmth Spots._ By stimulation of cold or warmth spots there is shown, not only the quality and quantity of the stimulus, but the locality. When punctiform stimuli are applied to pairs of cold spots and pairs of warmth spots marked “local sign” is found. This Goldscheider showed to be higher for cold than warmth spots. Cold Spots. Warmth Spots Palm .8 mm. Do. 2 mm. Cheek, Chin and forehead 0.8 mm. Do. 5.0 mm. Upper arm 2 mm. Do. 3 mm. Back of hand, leg, thigh 3 mm. Do. 4 mm. Forearm 3 mm. Do. 3 mm. Back, chest, abdomen 2 mm. Do. 5 mm. Thus on the palm of the hand two pairs of cold spots .8 mm. apart are distinguished by this punctiform stimulation, whereas on this surface two pairs of warmth spots are only distinguished when they are 2 mm. apart on the cheek, chin or forehead and cold spots are distinguished when .8 mm. apart on the same surfaces warmth spots when 5 mm. apart. TABLE VI.--Average lowest distances in millimetres on different areas of skin where two points are felt as two or minimal distances from which double sensation is obtained.