If the effects ceased with those primarily concerned, the mischief would be less: but, unfortunately for society, they pass on to the next, or succeeding generations, unless, as is frequently the case, through the operation of a merciful law there does not come another generation. We are told that the intemperate and the vicious will be shut out of the kingdom of heaven. We have only to observe that they are shut out of the kingdom of health while upon earth, and that the retribution of their works follows them with a surety, and often a severity, which can be fully realized only by physicians. As illustrative of this point, I may refer to a class of laborers in some of the northern portions of England. When living on the simple necessities of life and obliged to practise the habits of frugality and industry, that form of disease which is termed "general paralysis of the insane" was almost unknown among them; but in consequence of physical excesses made possible and easy, by obtaining through labor combinations the means necessary, this most formidable and incurable disease has appeared among them to an extent hitherto unknown among any class of society. Similar influences are silently working and similar results are following in a less marked degree in all our great cities and their vicinage, so that there are to-day in all the large hospitals for the insane which are located near these places, as indicated by statistics, more than three times as many cases of this disease as existed thirty years ago. There is another class of the poor, or rather of those who are living in the conditions of poverty, and yet have, by virtue of hard labor and economy, succeeded in accumulating some property, which contributes a large number yearly to the admissions to hospitals for the insane. These persons go on year after year in one unvarying routine of labor and care, allowing themselves little or no change or hours of recreation. Perhaps I cannot delineate more clearly the courses of daily conduct followed by them which not unfrequently eventuate in insanity, or better illustrate the results of such a course of life, than by reciting a case from my yearly report for 1881. Mrs. M., aged forty-four years, the mother of eight children, was admitted to the Retreat in the month of January, 18--, affected with acute mania. The husband, when asked if he could suggest any cause, or causes, of her illness, exclaimed with much animation that he could not conceive why his wife had become ill. "Her is a most domestic woman, is always doing something for her children; _her_ is _always_ at work for us all; _never_ goes out of the house, even to church on Sundays; her never goes gadding about at neighbors' houses, or talking from one to another; her always had the boots blacked in the morning; her has been one of the best of wives and mothers, and was _always_ at home."