Institutes of the Christian Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)Calvin, Jean
Religion
Institutes of the Christian Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)
Calvin, Jean
Reformed Church -- Doctrines -- Early works to 1800; Theology, Doctrinal -- Early works to 1800
IV. Those who preside over the government of the Church, according to
the institution of Christ, are named by Paul, first, “apostles;”
secondly, “prophets;” thirdly, “evangelists;” fourthly, “pastors;”
lastly, “teachers.”[805] Of these, only the two last sustain an ordinary
office in the Church: the others were such as the Lord raised up at the
commencement of his kingdom, and such as he still raises up on
particular occasions, when required by the necessity of the times. The
nature of the apostolic office is manifest from this command: “Go preach
the gospel to every creature.”[806] No certain limits are prescribed,
but the whole world is assigned to them, to be reduced to obedience to
Christ; that by disseminating the gospel wherever they could, they might
erect his kingdom in all nations. Therefore Paul, when he wished to
prove his apostleship, declares, not merely that he had gained some one
city for Christ, but that he had propagated the gospel far and wide, and
that he had not built upon the foundation of others, but had planted
Churches where the name of the Lord had never been heard before. The
“apostles,” therefore, were missionaries, who were to reduce the world
from their revolt to true obedience to God, and to establish his kingdom
universally by the preaching of the gospel. Or, if you please, they were
the first architects of the Church, appointed to lay its foundations all
over the world. Paul gives the appellation of “prophets,” not to all
interpreters of the Divine will, but only to those who were honoured
with some special revelation. Of these, either there are none in our
day, or they are less conspicuous. By “evangelists,” I understand those
who were inferior to the apostles in dignity, but next to them in
office, and who performed similar functions. Such were Luke, Timothy,
Titus, and others of that description; and perhaps also the seventy
disciples, whom Christ ordained to occupy the second station from the
apostles.[807] According to this interpretation, which appears to me
perfectly consistent with the language and meaning of the apostle, those
three offices were not instituted to be of perpetual continuance in the
Church, but only for that age when Churches were to be raised where none
had existed before, or were at least to be conducted from Moses to
Christ. Though I do not deny, that, even since that period, God has
sometimes raised up apostles or evangelists in their stead, as he has
done in our own time. For there was a necessity for such persons to
recover the Church from the defection of Antichrist. Nevertheless, I
call this an extraordinary office, because it has no place in
well-constituted Churches. Next follow “pastors” and “teachers,” who are
always indispensable to the Church. The difference between them I
apprehend to be this—that teachers have no official concern with the
discipline, or the administration of the sacraments, or with admonitions
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