Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965MacGregor, Morris J.
History
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965
MacGregor, Morris J.
African American soldiers; United States -- Race relations
[Footnote 6-12: For examples of this extensive review
of the Gillem Board Report in G-1, see the
following Memos: Col J. F. Cassidy (Exec Office,
G-1) for Col Parks, 10 Dec 45; Chief, Officer
Branch, G-1, for Exec Off, G-1 Policy Group, 14 Dec
45; Actg Chief, Req and Res Br, for Chief, Policy
Control Group, 14 Dec 45; Lt Col E. B. Jones,
Special Projects Br, for G-1, 19 and 21 Dec 45,
sub: Policy for Utilization of Negro Manpower in
Post-War Army. All in WDGAP 291.2.]
[Footnote 6-13: Memo, Gen Paul, G-1, for CofS, 27 Dec
45, sub: Policy for Utilization of Negro Manpower
in Post-War Army, WDGAP 291.2 (24 Nov 45).]
The Assistant Chief of Staff for Organization and Training, G-3, Maj.
Gen. Idwal H. Edwards, was chiefly concerned with the timing of the
new policy. In trying to employ black manpower on a broader
professional scale, he warned, the Army must recognize the "ineptitude
and limited capacity of the Negro soldier." He wanted various phases
of the new policy timed "with due consideration for all factors such
as public opinion, military requirements and the military situation."
If the priority given public opinion in the sequence of these factors
reflected Edwards's view of their importance, the list is somewhat
curious. Edwards concurred in the recommendations, although he wanted
the special staff group established in the personnel office rather
than in his organization, and he rejected any arbitrary percentage of
black officers. More black officers could be obtained through
expansion of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, he suggested, but
he rejected the board's call for special classification of all
enlistees in reception and training centers, on grounds that the
centers were not adequate for the task.[6-14]
[Footnote 6-14: G-3 Summary Sheet to ADCofS, 2 Jan
46, sub: War Department Special Board on Negro
Manpower, WDGCT 291.21 (24 Nov 45).]
The chief of the General Staff's Operations Division, Lt. Gen. John E.
Hull, dismissed the Gillem report with several blunt statements: black
enlisted men should be assigned to black units capable of operational
use within white units at the rate of one black battalion per
division; a single standard of professional proficiency should be
followed for white and black officers; and "no Negro officer be given
command of white troops."[6-15]
[Footnote 6-15: Memo, Lt Gen John E. Hull, ACofS, OPD
(signed Brig Gen E. D. Post, Dep Chief, Theater Gp,
OPD), for ACofS, G-3, 4 Jan 46, sub: War Department
Special Board on Negro Manpower, WDGCT 291.21.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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