When we consider what we have written, it is impossible not to be
impressed with the resemblance between the movements of plants and
many of the actions performed by the lower animals. With plants
an astonishingly small stimulus suffices. One plant may be highly
sensitive to the slightest continued pressure, while a closely-allied
form just as highly sensitive to a slight momentary touch. The habit
of moving at certain periods is inherited both by plants and animals;
and other points of similitude have been specified. But the most
striking resemblance is the localization of their sensitiveness, and
the transmission of a stimulus from the exciting point to another,
which consequently moves. Yet plants do not, of course, possess
nerves or a central nervous system. May we not therefore infer, and
wisely so, too, that with animals such structures but serve for the
more perfect transmission of impressions, and for the more complete
intercommunication of their several parts?
No structure in plants seems more wonderful, as far as its functions
are concerned, than the tip of the radicle. Lightly pressed or burnt
or cut, it transmits an influence to the upper adjoining part, causing
it to bend away from the affected side. But more surprising, however,
is the fact that the tip can distinguish between a slightly harder
and softer object, by which it is simultaneously pressed on opposite
sides. Let the radicle be pressed by a similar object a little above
the tip, and it will be noticed that the pressed part does not transmit
any influence to the more distant parts, but bends abruptly towards
the object. Perceiving the air to be moister on one side than the
other, it likewise sends out an influence to the upper adjoining part,
which deflects towards the source of the moisture. When excited by
light, the neighboring part bends from the light; but when excited by
gravitation, the same part bends towards the centre of gravity. In
almost every instance the ultimate purpose or advantage of the several
movements can be clearly perceived. Two, or perhaps more, of the
exciting causes often act simultaneously on the tip, and one conquers
the other, doubtless in accordance with its importance for the life of
the plant. The course pursued by the radicle in penetrating the ground
being determined by the tip, has acquired for it the diverse kinds of
sensitiveness which it possesses; and it is hardly an exaggeration to
assert that the tip of the radicle thus endowed, and having the power
to direct the movements of the adjoining parts, acts like the brain of
one of the lower animals, which organ, seated within the anterior end
of the body, receives impressions from the sense-organs, and directs
their several movements.
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