[Footnote 214: The _Madonna delle Gracie_ (1802), 4 C. Rob. 195.] [Footnote 215: _Maria_ v. _Hall_ (1800), 2 B. & P. 236.] [Footnote 216: The _Jonge Pieter_ (1801), 4 C. Rob. 79. But if the goods have been bought by the subject of a neutral State _bona fide_ by himself and are afterwards shipped through neutral country to the enemy, it is not a case of trading with the enemy; see the _Samuel_ (1802), 4 C. Rob. 284, note.] [Footnote 217: _Melville_ v. _De Wold_ (1855), 4 E. & B. 844; _Esposito_ v. _Bowden_ (1857), 7 E. & B. 763; _Ex parte Boussmaker_ (1806), 13 Ves. Jun. 71; _Alcinous_ v. _Nygreu_ (1854), 4 E. & B. 217; the _Charlotta_ (1814), 1 Dodson, 390.] [Footnote 218: _Griswold_ v. _Boddington_ (1819), 16 Johnson, 438; _Esposito_ v. _Bowden_ (1857), 7 E. & B. 763.] [Footnote 219: _Du Belloix_ v. _Lord Waterpark_ (1822), 1 Dowl. & R. 16; _Mayer_ v. _Reed_ (1867), 37 Gallison, 482.] [Footnote 220: _Hoare_ v. _Allan_ (1789), 2 Dallas, 102.] [Footnote 221: _Esposito_ v. _Bowden_ (1857), 7 E. & B. 763. See also the _Teutonia_ (1870), L. R. 4 Privy Council, 171.] [Footnote 222: _Brandon_ v. _Curling_ (1803), 4 East, 410; but see also _Potts_ v. _Bell_ (1800), 8 D. & E. 548; _Furtado_ v. _Rodgers_ (1802), 3 P. & B. 191; _Kellner_ v. _Le Mesurier_ (1803), 4 East, 396; _Gamba_ v. _Le Mesurier_ (1803), 4 East, 407.] [Footnote 223: _New York Life Insurance Co._ v. _Stathem_, v. _Symes_, and v. _Buck_ (1876), 93 United States, 24; _New York Life Insurance Co._ v. _Davis_ (1877), 95 United States, 425.] It must be specially observed that, if the continental interpretation of article 23 (_h_) of the Hague Regulations--see above, § 100_a_--were not contradicted by Great Britain and the United States of America, both countries would be compelled to alter their Municipal Laws in so far as these declare such contracts as have been entered into with alien enemies before the outbreak of war dissolved, void, or suspended. Article 23 (_h_) distinctly enacts that it is forbidden to declare extinguished or suspended the rights of the nationals of the adverse party. Since, however, as stated above in § 100_a_, Great Britain and the United States of America uphold a different interpretation, this article does not concern their Municipal Laws respecting trading with alien enemies. [Sidenote: Position of Belligerents' Property in the Enemy State.]