[Footnote 354: See, for instance, Perels, § 36, pp. 195-198; Röpcke, _Das Seebeuterecht_ (1904), pp. 36-47; Dupuis, Nos. 29-31; Pillet, p. 119; Giordana, _La proprieta privata nelle guerre maritime, etc._ (1907); Niemeyer, _Prinzipien des Seekriegsrechts_ (1909); Boidin, pp. 144-167. On the other hand, the Institute of International Law has several times voted in favour of the abolition of the rule; see _Tableau Général de l'Institut de droit International_ (1893), pp. 190-193. The literature concerning the question of confiscation of private enemy property on sea is abundant. The following authors, besides those already quoted above at the commencement of § 173, may be mentioned:--Upton, _The Law of Nations affecting Commerce during War_ (1863); Cauchy, _Du respect de la propriété privée dans la guerre maritime_ (1866); Vidari, _Del rispetto della proprietà privata fra gli stati in guerra_ (1867); Gessner, _Zur Reform des Kriegsseerechts_ (1875); Klobukowski, _Die Seebeute oder das feindliche Privateigenthum zur See_ (1877); Bluntschli, _Das Beuterecht im Kriege und das Seebeuterecht insbesondere_ (1878); Boeck, _De la propriété privée ennemie sous pavillon ennemi_ (1882); Dupuis, _La guerre maritime et les doctrines anglaises_ (1899); Leroy, _La guerre maritime_ (1900); Röpcke, _Das Seebeuterecht_ (1904); Hirst, _Commerce and Property in Naval Warfare: A Letter of the Lord Chancellor_ (1906); Hamman, _Der Streit um das Seebeuterecht_ (1907); Wehberg, _Das Beuterecht im Land und Seekrieg_ (1909); Cohen, _The Immunity of Enemy's Property from Capture at Sea_ (1909); Macdonell, _Some plain Reasons for Immunity from Capture of Private Property at Sea_ (1910). See also the literature quoted by Bonfils, No. 1281, Pradier-Fodéré, VIII. Nos. 3070-3090, and Boeck, Nos. 382-572, where the arguments of the authors against and in favour of the present practice are discussed.] [Sidenote: Impending Codification of Law of Sea Warfare.] § 179. Be that as it may, the time is not very far distant when the Powers will perforce come to an agreement on this as on other points of sea warfare, in a code of regulations regarding sea warfare as a pendant to the Hague Regulations regarding warfare on land. An initiative step was taken by the United States of America by her Naval War Code[355] published in 1900, although she withdrew[356] the Code in 1904. Meanwhile, the Second Peace Conference has produced a number of Conventions dealing with some parts of Sea Warfare, namely: (1) the Convention (VI.) concerning the status of enemy merchantmen at the outbreak of hostilities; (2) the Convention (VII.) concerning the conversion of merchantmen into warships; (3) the Convention (VIII.) concerning the laying of automatic submarine contact mines; (4) the Convention (IX.) concerning the bombardment by naval forces; (5) the Convention (XI.) concerning restrictions on the exercise of the right of capture in maritime war. [Footnote 355: See above, vol. I. § 32.]