§ 219. Belligerents on occasions arrange between themselves that they shall grant protection to certain of each other's subjects or property against their own forces in the form of safeguards, of which there are two kinds. One consists in a written order given to an enemy subject or left with enemy property and addressed to the commander of armed forces of the grantor, in which the former is charged with the protection of the respective individual or property, and by which both become inviolable. The other kind of safeguard is given by detailing one or more soldiers to accompany enemy subjects or to guard the spot where certain enemy property is, for the purpose of protection. Soldiers on this duty are inviolable on the part of the other belligerent; they must neither be attacked nor made prisoners, and they must, on falling into the hands of the enemy, be fed, well kept, and eventually safely sent back to their corps. As in the case of passports and safe-conducts, it must be specially observed that safeguards are only a matter of International Law when the granting of them has been arranged by the belligerents, and not otherwise; except in the case of the safeguards mentioned by article 8, No. 2, of the Geneva Convention of 1906, who, according to articles 9 and 12 of that Convention, are inviolable. III FLAGS OF TRUCE Hall, § 190--Lawrence, § 211--Westlake, II. p. 81--Moore, VII. § 1157--Phillimore, III. § 115--Halleck, II. pp. 333, 334--Taylor, § 510--Bluntschli, §§ 681-684--Heffter, § 126--Lueder in Holtzendorff, IV. pp. 421-423--Ullmann, § 180--Bonfils, Nos. 1239-1245--Despagnet, Nos. 556-557--Pradier-Fodéré, VII. Nos. 2927-2931--Rivier, II. pp. 279-280--Calvo, IV. §§ 2430-2432--Fiore, III. No. 1378, and Code, Nos. 1495-1500--Martens, II. § 127--Longuet, §§ 136-138--Mérignhac, pp. 220-225--Pillet, pp. 356-358--Zorn, pp. 195-199--Meurer, II. §§ 39-40--Bordwell, p. 293--Spaight, pp. 216-231--_Kriegsbrauch_, pp. 26-29--Holland, _War_, Nos. 88-91--_Land Warfare_, §§ 224-255. [Sidenote: Meaning of Flags of Truce.]