The question has arisen as to whether, in case a peace treaty provides a future date for the termination of hostilities in distant parts, and in case the forces in these parts hear of the conclusion of peace before such date, they must abstain at once from further hostilities. Most publicists correctly answer this question in the affirmative. But the French Prize Courts in 1801 condemned as a good prize the English vessel _Swineherd_ which was captured by the French privateer _Bellona_ in the Indian Seas within the period of five months fixed by the Peace of Amiens for the termination of hostilities in these seas.[507] [Footnote 507: The details of this case are given by Hall, § 199; see also Phillimore, III. § 521.] V EFFECTS OF TREATY OF PEACE Grotius, III. c. 20--Vattel, IV. §§ 19-23--Hall, §§ 198-202--Lawrence, § 218--Phillimore, III. §§ 518-528--Halleck, I. pp. 312-324--Taylor, §§ 581-583--Wheaton, §§ 544-547--Bluntschli, §§ 708-723--Heffter, §§ 180-183, 184A--Kirchenheim in Holtzendorff, IV. pp. 804-817--Ullmann, § 199--Bonfils, Nos. 1698-1702--Despagnet, No. 607--Rivier, II. pp. 454-461--Calvo, V. §§ 3137-3163--Fiore, III. Nos. 1701-1703, and Code, Nos. 1942-1962--Martens, II. § 128--Longuet, §§ 156-164--Mérignhac, pp. 330-336--Pillet, pp. 375-377. [Sidenote: Restoration of Condition of Peace.] § 272. The chief and general effect of a peace treaty is restoration of the condition of peace between the former belligerents. As soon as the treaty is ratified, all rights and duties which exist in time of peace between the members of the family of nations are _ipso facto_ and at once revived between the former belligerents. On the one hand, all acts legitimate in warfare cease to be legitimate. Neither contributions and requisitions, nor attacks on members of the armed forces or on fortresses, nor capture of ships, nor occupation of territory are any longer lawful. If forces, ignorant of the conclusion of peace, commit such hostile acts, the condition of things at the time peace was concluded must as far as possible be restored.[508] Thus, ships captured must be set free, territory occupied must be evacuated, members of armed forces taken prisoners must be liberated, contributions imposed and paid must be repaid. [Footnote 508: The _Mentor_ (1799), 1 C. Rob. 179. Matters are, of course, different in case a future date--see above, § 271--is stipulated for the termination of hostilities.] On the other hand, all peaceful intercourse between the former belligerents as well as between their subjects is resumed as before the war. Thus diplomatic intercourse is restored, and consular officers recommence their duties.[509]