Introduction to the History of Religions: Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IVToy, Crawford Howell
HistoryHistory
Introduction to the History of Religions: Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV
Toy, Crawford Howell
Mythology; Religion -- History; Religions -- History; Rites and ceremonies
+490+. The Cherokees, belonging to the southern division of the Iroquois
stock (living formerly in Tennessee and North Carolina), killed the
animals they respected, but with ceremonies. Their Green Corn dance,
the object of which was to insure a good crop, was expiatory, and was
accompanied by a general amnesty.[842]
+491+. Wyandot (Huron) myths[843] account for their Snake and Hawk clans
by stories of marriages between women and a snake or a hawk; here human
beings are assumed to have existed before the genesis of the clan (a
difference from the Australian scheme), but it is true that the clan is
held to have descended in part from an animal.
+492+. In the great Algonkin stock[844] the evidence for a distinct
totemic organization is similarly indefinite. The Lenâpé (Delawares),
who were agricultural and well advanced in manufacture, gave prominence
to families rather than to clans, and the totem was a badge. The
Ojibwas, hunters (dwelling by the Great Lakes and in the valley of the
St. Lawrence),[845] also used their sacred animal forms as badges;
whether they ate such animals or claimed descent from them we are not
informed. The friendly relation existing between the Otter and Beaver
clans is explained by a story of a marriage between an Otter clansman
and a Beaver woman. For the Potawatamies it was lawful to kill and eat
the totem. The Ottawas (of Canada) and the combined Sauks and Foxes (of
the Mississippi Valley) had traditions of descent from the totem. The
Menomini (of the same region) would kill the totem, but always with an
apology to it; their myths embody varying conceptions of the relation of
eponymous animals to clans: sometimes the origin of a clan is referred
to the action of a supernatural being who changed a bear, for example,
into a man, or to adventures of animals; sometimes eponymous birds
(eagle and hawk) are described as being spirits or deities. Such
introduction of supernatural beings involves a deviation from the
conception of the eponymous animal as independent creator of a
clan.[846]
+493+. For the tribes bordering on the Gulf of Mexico no signs have
been preserved of an organization based on the relation between clans
and eponymous animals, plants, and other objects. The great Maskoki
stock (including Creeks, Seminoles, Choctaws, Chickasas, and some other
less important tribes) had a well-formed political system, and their
religion was represented by the Chief Magician or Priest (Medicine Man).
They performed magical ceremonies for increase of food, but these were
tribal, and the Creek annual fast (_puskita_, busk) had high religious
and ethical significance.[847]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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