3. What is Comte's order of the sciences? What is your explanation for the late appearance of sociology in the series? 4. What do you understand by the term "positive" when applied to the social sciences? 5. Can sociology become positive without becoming experimental? 6. "Natural science emphasizes the abstract, the historian is interested in the concrete." Discuss. 7. How do you distinguish between the historical method and the method of natural science in dealing with the following phenomena: (a) electricity, (b) plants, (c) cattle, (d) cities? 8. Distinguish between history, natural history, and natural science. 9. Is Westermarck's _Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas_ history, natural history, or sociology? Why? 10. "History is past politics, politics is present history." Do you agree? Elaborate your position. 11. What is the value of history to the person? 12. Classify the following formulas of behavior under either (a) natural law (social law in the scientific sense), and (b) moral law (customary sanction, ethical principles), (c) civil law: "birds of a feather flock together"; "thou shalt not kill"; an ordinance against speeding; "honesty is the best policy"; monogamy; imitation tends to spread in geometric ratio; "women first"; the Golden Rule; "walk in the trodden paths"; the federal child-labor statute. 13. Give an illustration of a sociological hypothesis. 14. Of the following statements of fact, which are historical and which sociological? Auguste Comte suffered from myopia. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." "Science works not at all for nationality or its spirit. It makes entirely for cosmopolitanism." 15. How would you verify each of the foregoing statements? Distinguish between the sociological and historical methods of verification. 16. Is the use of the comparative method that of history or that of natural science? 17. "The social organism: humanity or Leviathan?" What is your reaction to this alternative? Why? 18. What was the difference in the conception of the social organism held by Comte and that held by Spencer? 19. "How does a mere collection of individuals succeed in acting in a corporate and consistent way?" What was the answer to this question given by Hobbes, Aristotle, Worms? 20. "Man and society are at the same time products of nature and of human artifice." Explain. 21. What are the values and limitations of the following explanations of the control of the group over the behavior of its members: (a) homogeneity, (b) like-mindedness, (c) imitation, (d) common purpose? 22. What bearing have the facts of a panic or a stampede upon the theories of like-mindedness, imitation, and common purpose as explanations of group behavior? 23. "The characteristic social phenomenon is just this control by the group as a whole of the individuals which compose it. This fact of control is the fundamental social fact." Give an illustration of the control of the group over its members.