LITERATURE.—On Ulfilas, see Scott, _Ulfilas, the Apostle of the Goths_, Cambr., 1885. Bradley, _The Goths_, in the “Story of the Nations” Series, 1888. Gwatkin, _Studies of Arianism_, 1882. _Urt._, pp. 119-120, where see literature, to which add Eckstein, _Ulfilas und die gothische Uebersetzung der Bibel_, in Westermann’s _Illustr. Monatshefte_, Dec. 1892, 403-407; Jostes, _Das Todesjahr des Ulfilas und der Uebertritt der Gothen zum Arianismus_ (_Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache_, xxii. i. 158 ff.). Jostes gives 383 as the date of Ulfilas’s death. On the other side, see Kauffmann, _Der Arianismus des Wulfila_ in the _ZfdPhil._, xxx. (1897) 93-113; Luft, _Die arianischen Quellen über Wulfila_ in the _ZfdAltert._, xlii. 4; Vogt, _Zu Wulfilas Bekenntnis und dem Opus imperfectum_, _ibid._ Kauffmann, _Beiträge zur Quellenkritik der gotischen Bibelübersetzung_ in the _ZfdPhil._; (ii.) _das N. T._ (xxx., 1897, 145-183); (iii.) _das gotische Matthäusevangelium und die Itala_; (iv.) _die griechische Vorlage des gotischen Johannesevangeliums_ (xxxi., 1898, 177-198): also by the same author, _Aus der Schule des Wulfila. Auxentii Dorostorensis epistula de Fide, Vita, et Obitu Wulfila im Zusammenhang der Dissertatio Maximini contra Ambrosium herausgegeben._ Strassburg, 1899. P. Batiffol, _De quelques homilies de St. Chrysostome et de la version gothique des écritures_ (_Revue Biblique_, Oct. 1899, pp. 566-572), see also _ThLz._, 1900, No. i.; _LCbl._, 1900, No. 28. On the relation of the Gothic version to the codex Brixianus (f), see Burkitt in the _Journal of Theological Studies_, i. p. 131 ff., and compare _Addenda_, p. xv. On the Gothic language and writing, see Douse, _Introduction to the Gothic of Ulfilas_. London, 1886; the grammars of Braune and Skeat, and the dictionaries of Schulze, Heyne, and Bernhardt; see also Luft, _Studien zu den ältesten germanischen Alfabeten_, Gütersloh, 1898, viii. 115, who traces eighteen characters to the Greek alphabet and nine to the Latin and Ulfilas’s own invention. On R. Löwe’s _Reste der Germanen am schwarzen Meer_ (Halle, 1896), see the story told by Melanchthon according to Pirkheimer (_Th. St. und Kr._, 1897, 784 ff.). To what extent the remaining ancient versions were taken directly from the Greek or influenced by one or other of those already described is still subject of dispute. (_e._) THE ETHIOPIC VERSION.