(8) Clement (_Strom._, iv. 41) quotes Matt. v. 10_a_, to which he annexes the reason found in verse 9_b_, and then goes on to say, ἢ ὥς τινες τῶν μετατιθέντων τὰ εὐαγγέλια, Μακάριοι, φησίν, οἱ δεδιωγμένοι ὑπὲρ τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἔσονται τέλειοι. Zahn (_GK._ i. p. 411) makes the surmise that when Clement spoke of certain persons who “transposed” or altered the Gospels—_i.e._, took liberties with the text, he may have been thinking of Tatian, whose personal intercourse he may have enjoyed for a length of time, and with whose Greek writings he shows himself to be familiar. [Sidenote: Simon Magus and the Marcionites.] (9) In an Arabic Introduction to a collection of alleged Nicene Canons particular stress is laid upon the falsification of the Scriptures by heretics. The Emperor Constantine is represented as addressing the Fathers at Nicæa, and enjoining them, in dealing with heretics, to distinguish between those who reject and falsify the holy Scriptures and those who merely interpret them falsely. The arch-heretic Simon Magus already appears as a fabricator of spurious Scripture. His sect possessed an Evangelium in four books, to which they gave the title “Liber quatuor angulorum et cardinum mundi.” The Phocalites (Kukiani) retained the Old Testament, but in place of the Church’s New Testament they had one manufactured by themselves, in which the twelve Apostles bore barbaric names. It is said of the Marcionites: Sacras scripturas quibusdam in locis commutarunt addideruntque Evangelio et Epistolis Pauli apostoli quibusdam in locis, quaedam vero loca mutilarunt. Apostolorum Actus e medio omnino sustulerunt, alium substituentes Actorum librum, qui faveret opinionibus ac dogmatibus, illumque nuncuparunt “Librum propositi finis.” See Zahn, _GK._ ii. 448, where reference is made to Mansi, _Conc. Coll._, ii. (Flor., 1759), 947-1082; Hefele, _Conciliengeschichte_, 2nd. ed., i. 361-368, 282 f.; Harnack, _Der Ketzer-Katalog des Bischofs Maruta von Maipherkat_, _TU._ (New Series), iv., 1899; _ThLz._, 1899, 2. [Sidenote: Arians.] (10) Ambrose says on John iii. 6 (_De Spiritu_, iii. 10): Quem locum ita expresse, Ariani, testificamini esse de Spiritu, ut eum de vestris codicibus auferatis. Atque utinam de vestris et non etiam de Ecclesiae codicibus tolleretis. Eo enim tempore quo impiae infidelitatis Auxentius Mediolanensem Ecclesiam armis exercituque occupaverat, vel a Valente atque Ursatis nutantibus sacerdotibus suis incursabatur Ecclesia Sirmiensis, falsum hoc et sacrilegium vestrum in Ecclesiasticis codicibus deprehensum est. Et fortasse hoc etiam in oriente fecistis. [Sidenote: Greeks.]