6. Why did Philip of Spain have William of Orange killed? Why did this make the conquest of the Dutch even harder? 7. Why did Philip, king of Spain, try to conquer England and make himself king of that country? How did he try to carry out his plan? Why were the English victorious in the great battle with the Armada? Where was the battle fought? 8. How did the defeat of the Armada affect Spain's war in the Netherlands? Did all of the Netherlands become independent of Spain? 9. What trade did the Dutch begin to carry on before their war with Spain ended? 10. What new people became rivals of the Spaniards and French for trade and settlements in America? EXERCISES 1. What parts of North America did Drake visit on his famous voyage around the world? 2. What effect did the quarrels in Europe described in Chapters 19 and 20 have upon the progress in exploring and settling America? 3. Find out whether the people of the northern Netherlands and the southern Netherlands are still separate countries to-day. CHAPTER XXI THE ENGLISH PEOPLE ATTEMPT TO SETTLE AMERICA ENGLISH INTEREST IN AMERICA AWAKENED. Voyages like those made by Sir Francis Drake awakened a desire throughout England to learn more about the New World. Until this time even the great discoveries of Columbus and the Cabots had failed to stir the English people to take part in the exploration and settlement of the Americas. The principal reason was because their attention was occupied by the struggle between their monarchs and the popes to decide whether king or pope should govern the English Church. This continued until Queen Elizabeth had been on the throne some years. Other sea-captains, hearing of Drake's success, now turned their ships toward the Americas. Many went to the West Indies, as he had done, mainly to seize the rich plunder to be found on board the ships of Spain bound homeward. Some of them explored the coast of North America, hoping to find valuable regions that had not fallen into the possession of the Spaniards. THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE. Martin Frobisher made three voyages, the last in 1578, in search of a passage through North America to China. He entered the bay which bears his name, and the strait which was later called after Hudson, but failed to find a passage. Drake attempted to find the western entrance to such a passage in 1579 as a short cut homeward when he tried to avoid his Spanish pursuers.