The Scottish settlers in Ulster gave trouble from the first, for crossing the sea did not change their nature, nor their religious opinions. When Presbyterianism was oppressed at home, Ireland received its ministers; when persecution came there, they could go back to Scotland. Always glad to promote his own countrymen, James I. appointed them to Irish bishoprics; they in their turn ordained others, often without much inquiry as to their views on Church government. Andrew Knox, who was Bishop of Raphoe from 1611 to 1633, was not over particular about the regularity of orders, and many Presbyterians were preferred by him. 'Old Bishop Knox,' says Adair, 'refused no honest man, having heard him preach. By this chink John Livingston and sundry others got entrance.' Knox died about the time of Wentworth's coming to Ireland, and up to that time another Scotch bishop, Robert Echlin of Down, followed in his footsteps. Livingston had been silenced by Spottiswood in Scotland, but brought recommendations from eminent laymen, and Knox told him he thought his own life had been prolonged only to do such offices as ordination. He did not care about being called my Lord, and he allowed the imposition of hands to be by presbyters in his presence. He gave Livingston the book of ordination, desiring him to draw a line through any words to which he objected. 'I found,' says the latter, 'that it had been so marked by some others before that I needed not mark anything; so the Lord was pleased to carry that business far beyond anything that I had thought or ever desired.' This was in 1630. Seven years before Echlin had done a like service for Robert Blair, acting only as one of several presbyters. 'This,' says Blair, 'I could not refuse, and so the matter was performed.' Knox was succeeded by John Leslie, and Echlin by Henry Leslie, neither of whom was much inclined to make terms with Presbyterianism. The Laudian canons had altered the position for them, and later on the Covenant made the breach irreparable.[206] [Sidenote: Wentworth, Laud, and Bramhall, 1634.] [Sidenote: A conference where no one is converted, 1636.] [Sidenote: Bramhall's rhetoric.] [Sidenote: Silenced ministers go to Scotland.]