than English artificers.' Gookin reckoned that a capital of 1500_l._ or 2000_l._ would be required for each thousand Irish acres, and that it would be impossible to bring over English labour in sufficient quantity. The Irish might refuse to go into Connaught--indeed, many had already done so, saying that their position was hopeless and that they might as well face ruin where they were as travel to look for it. And he adds, 'there is one thing more which wise men will consider, and that is, the impossibility of this transplanting ... can it be imagined that a whole nation will drive like geese at the wagging of a hat upon a stick?'[268] [Sidenote: Definition of a Tory.] [Sidenote: Intolerable taxation.] Whatever may be the etymology of the name Tory, it was officially applied in 1647 to masterless men living a life of brigandage and preying upon all who had anything to lose. No doubt it was in popular use before that date. Gookin says the English dreaded the Tories 'more than armies, and woods and bogs than camps,' and he believed that transplantation would make matters worse. The Irish proprietors would be unable to support their followers beyond Shannon, the river would be no barrier, and they would become Tories against their will. They had already been forced into such courses by the intolerable taxation necessary to support the Parliament's army, and by the violence and oppression of some soldiers which often went unpunished. Most of the really active rebels were dead or exiled, and it was unwise as well as unjust to assume universal guilt. The Irish nation, indeed, 'were generally engaged in the rebellion, either through ignorance of the design and apprehending they acted by the King's commission and for his and God's service; or through infirmity, partly fearing their priests' threats, partly their landlords' frowns, partly the violence of others, of the English who at the beginning reckoned an Irishman and a rebel tantamount, and on that score forced many into war (who desired peace) with the Irish in arms, who accounted and declared all enemies that joined not (at least seemingly) with them, and proceeded with more severity against dissenting natives than English.' [Sidenote: Lawrence's answer to Gookin.] [Sidenote: Everything English had been destroyed.] [Sidenote: Only landowners and soldiers transplanted.] [Sidenote: Gookin's rejoinder.] [Sidenote: The two writers agreed in essentials.]