When the crop in any field or part of a field fails to come to maturity, the water rate on it is remitted. The failed area is known, in the Punjab, as “kharába.” On some canals the failed areas are liable to be large and an irrigation register, in order to be complete, has to show them or, what is the same thing, to show both the gross and the net areas, the latter being the area left after deducting the kharába or remitted area. 2. =Gauges and Regulation.=--In every canal, branch and major or minor distributary there is a “head gauge” below the head regulator. At every double regulator there is a gauge in each branch and also an upstream gauge. These gauges are used for the regulation of the supply. The zeros of the gauges are at the bed levels. Tables are prepared showing the discharges corresponding to each gauge reading--except in the case of upstream gauges--at intervals of ·1 foot. The question often arises whether it is necessary to have a gauge near the tail of a distributary. If the outlets have not been properly adjusted and if water does not reach the tail in proper quantity, a tail gauge is absolutely essential and its readings should be carefully watched by the Sub-divisional Officer. To take no action until complaints arise or until the irrigation returns at the end of the crop show that some one has suffered, is not correct. When it is known that sufficient water always reaches the tail, a tail gauge is not necessary. There may be intermediate gauges on a canal or branch or distributary. For convenience of reading they are usually at places where a distributary or minor takes off or where there is a rest house. They serve to show whether the water level at that place alters while that at other places is stationary, and thus give indications of any changes occurring in the channel. The number of such intermediate gauges should be rigorously kept down. In fact hardly any are necessary. The gauge register which the Subdivisional Officer has to inspect daily, is, in any case, voluminous enough. At a double regulator it is never necessary, except as a very temporary arrangement in case of an accident, to partially close both channels at once. One or the other should be fully open. The upstream gauge reading shows whether this rule is being adhered to. If the bed levels of all three channels at the regulator are the same, the reading on one or other of the downstream gauges should be about the same--for the fall in the water passing through an open regulator is generally negligible--as that of the upstream gauge. In other cases the difference in the bed levels has to be taken into account.