Irrigation works : $b the principles on which their design and working should be based, with special details relating to Indian canals and some proposed improvementsBellasis, E. S. (Edward Skelton)
Science
Irrigation works : $b the principles on which their design and working should be based, with special details relating to Indian canals and some proposed improvements
Bellasis, E. S. (Edward Skelton)
Canals; Irrigation
Regarding the working out of delta month by month, not only are
discharges more or less doubtful, but the area irrigated is seldom
correct till near the end of the crop. However, the figures, towards the
end of a crop, may be useful. If delta on any distributary is higher
than is usual on that distributary, it may be desirable, if the supply
in the whole canal is short, to reduce the supply to that distributary
somewhat, but this remedy can be properly applied after the end of the
crop by altering the turns (Art. 5). Any steps in the direction of
altering outlets can only be taken after the end of the crop. Admitting,
however, that the working out of delta during the crop is useful, it can
be done by adding up the gauge readings for the month and taking the
average reading and the discharge corresponding to it. This is not quite
the same as the average of the daily discharges, but the difference is
small, and there would be a wholesale and most salutary saving in
clerical work. All the columns headed D could be omitted. The handiness
and compactness of the register would be vastly increased. The
discharges are only approximately known, and refinements of procedure
are unnecessary. The correction of the discharge table, by means of
observed discharges, once a month, can of course be effected without
booking the daily discharges.[27]
[27] There should, in any case, be a special place in the gauge
register for showing the discharge tables, with a note of the
discharge observations from which the table was framed or in
consequence of which it was altered.
Supposing the columns D to be retained the calculations of delta can be
made as shown in table II. the form being printed in the gauge book. To
facilitate the adding up of the discharges a line can be left blank in
table I. after each ten days, and the total for the ten days shown on
it. If the column D is not retained, the gauge readings can be added up.
The discharge corresponding to the mean gauge reading of the month,
multiplied by the number of days the distributary was in flow, gives the
figure to be entered in column 2 of table II.
The final working out of delta crop by crop is of course of the greatest
value. The point which needs attention is, as already remarked, greater
accuracy in the discharges. For reasons which have already been given
(CHAP. I., Art. 5, and CHAP. II., Art. 9) the values of delta on
different distributaries will never be the same, but the causes of high
values can always be investigated and, to some extent, remedied.
TABLE II.--CALCULATION OF DELTA FOR RABI, 1912-13, NANGAL DISTRIBUTARY.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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