James Clerk Maxwell and Modern PhysicsGlazebrook, Richard
History
James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics
Glazebrook, Richard
Maxwell, James Clerk, 1831-1879; Physics -- History
“‘Cavendish cared more for investigation than for publication.
He would undertake the most laborious researches in order to
clear up a difficulty which no one but himself could appreciate
or was even aware of, and we cannot doubt that the result of
his enquiries, when successful, gave him a certain degree of
satisfaction. But it did not excite in him that desire to
communicate the discovery to others, which in the case of
ordinary men of science generally ensures the publication of
their results. How completely these researches of Cavendish
remained unknown to other men of science is shown by the
external history of electricity.’
“It will probably be thought a matter of some difficulty to
place oneself in the position of a physicist of a century
ago, and to ascertain the exact bearing of his experiments.
But Maxwell entered upon this undertaking with the utmost
enthusiasm, and succeeded in identifying himself with
Cavendish’s methods. He showed that Cavendish had really
anticipated several of the discoveries in electrical science
which have been made since his time. Cavendish was the first to
form the conception of and to measure Electrostatic Capacity
and Specific Inductive Capacity; he also anticipated Ohm’s law.”
During the last years of his life Mrs. Maxwell had a serious and
prolonged illness, and Maxwell’s work was much increased by his duties
as sick nurse. On one occasion he did not sleep in a bed for three
weeks, but conducted his lectures and experiments at the laboratory as
usual.
About this time some of those who had been “Apostles” in 1853–57
revived the habit of meeting together for discussion. The club, which
included Professors Lightfoot, Hort and Westcott, was christened
the “Eranus,” and three of Maxwell’s contributions to it have been
preserved and are printed by Professor Campbell.
After the Cavendish papers were finished, Maxwell had more time for his
own original researches, and two important papers were published in
1879. The one on “Stresses in Rarefied Gases arising from Inequalities
of Temperature” was printed in the Royal Society’s Transactions, and
deals with the Theory of the Radiometer; the other on “Boltzmann’s
Theorem” appears in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society. In the previous year he had delivered the Rede lecture on “The
Telephone.” He also began to prepare a second edition of “Electricity
and Magnetism.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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