That fluctuation will occur is inevitable; but it will be gradually understood that the utmost freedom of labour and communication is the only way to allow changes to be gradual, and so to avert the great and disgraceful catastrophes of forcible migration of hordes. Hence there will tend to be an incessant flow of labour from country to country, assisted by international labour bureaus: thus the wage of any given ability will be equalised over the world, and hence prices of all produce will equalise also. The whole of this action will further enforce the power of ability, and tend to end or mend the less capable. We must, then, look for a world with approximately equal civilisation and prices in all lands; but with each people developed in their own lines of ability, in accord with climate and conditions, to such a point that no other people can compete with them in their own conditions. The equatorial races tending to have less initiative and vigour than those of colder climates, the equatorial lands will therefore tend to be each attached to a temperate land which will supply more energy to their development; while a steady drift of population from colder to hotter lands will take place, as for a generation or two they will retain a greater vigour. Thus the tropics will be the seat of the keenest competition and extinction of races; while the borders of the arctic regions will always afford most room for human increase. So far as peoples turn their backs on the inevitable goal, they will have to painfully retrace their course, or else disappear by extinction; while the peoples who move toward the lines of success will be the fathers of the future. Will they be found in East or West? INDEX. A. Ability, inherited, 4 sporadic, not inherited, 5 driven out, 3, 4, 8, 21 favoured by war, 98 Administration depends on character, 1 Advance checked by communism, 20, 21 checked by education, 73-75 due to individual, 78, 80 gained by saving waste, 79 Agriculture, elaboration of, 101 to be saved from townsmen, 54 Amusement, passion for, 20, 82, 83 Anarchism, product of great states, 67 Armaments, big, needful, 98 war by, 97 Artificial conditions encourage variation, 5 Athletics, needed by the unfit, 82 Atrophy of mind, 7-9 Aurelian, 36 Automatic lives of majority, 79 B. Barbaric society, complex, 21 Bartholomew's Day, 1662, 41 Benevolence, scope of, v. Betting, 19 Birth rate, waste of high, 85 Bricklayers' Union, influence of, 31 Building, dear in England, 31 Bye-laws, value of, 44 C. Capacity, _see Ability_. Capital used for income, 47 Capitalists, result of diminishing, 50 Catastrophes produced by small causes, 42 Cattle, competition among, 25 Change, gradual, to be allowed, 43 effect of, 13, 63 violent, injurious, 41