5. Etsizen, saki no Chiujo Shoongaku.--He was degraded by the regent, but was restored, and afterward became regent or Sosai. A Buddhist name is at times adopted when he does not wish to continue to bear a title. When he has shaved his head and becomes a priest, he is called Niudo; _i.e._, entered the path of Buddha. Keng, Sei, Ang, and Eeng are Buddhist titles taken by those who have retired from the world. The Hattamoto--literally, “the root or foundation of the flag or army.”--This rank was formerly called Shiomio, “small names,” in contradistinction to Daimio, “great names.” The Hattamoto are officers of the Shiogoon’s government, who in rank and emoluments come next to the Daimios. Hattamoto are eligible to fill all the offices in the different departments of the Yedo government under the Gorochiu (to which Daimios alone are appointed). When it is wished to put a Hattamoto into the Cabinet, he is first given by the Shiogoon territory equivalent to 10,000 koku per annum. A Hattamoto may be described as an officer of the government in the possession of land valued from 500 to 9,999 koku. Officers with less than 500 koku are below Hattamoto, and known as Go kennin; and beneath them are Ko jiu nin. Lower still are the account-keepers; Oto torimi, bird-keepers; Okatchi, spies and men about the kitchen; and Yoriki and Do sin. Hattamoto are generally of the fifth rank, or Shodaibu, and never of the fourth. Some Hattamoto have titles from the Emperor, others have titles of provinces, as Daimios have, but those who have any titles are a small minority of the whole number. Some Hattamoto receive titles for one generation only, known as Itchi dai Yoriaï. The class is divided into large and small--the former having from 3,000 to under 10,000 koku of land; the latter from 500 to 3,000. They are divided into-- 1. Kotai Hattamoto, or those who go to Yedo on alternate years. 2. Yoriaï. 3. Ogo bang.--These live in or have charge of a castle, such as Kofu, Soonpu, etc. 4. Shingo bang.--These act as guards to the Shiogoon in Yedo. 5. O niwa bang.--These are keepers of the gardens, are generally spies, and consequently avoided by other officers. Some of the principal families of Hattamoto are the following: Soonga numa, with 7,000 koku, at Shinshiro, in Mikawa province. An old family, proud of the family name. Matzdaira Hissamatz is a relative of Matzdaira Oki no kami, related to the Shiogoon’s family, and uses the Awoee or crest of the Shiogoon, with 6,000 koku; lives at Izassa in Shimosa. Takanoya Matzdaira is the lineal descendant of the Nitta family, with 4,500 koku; lives at Nishingori in Mikawa. Ikoma Tokutaro was, in the time of Taikosama, a powerful Daimio, is now a Hattamoto with 8,000 koku, living at Yajima in Dewa.