Perry, Commodore, advent of, 374. Poems in praise of the dead, 35. Poetry, contests in, during Tokugawa period, 358. Politeness as an art, 359-361. Politics, modern Japanese, 389. Pollution, death regarded as, 40-41. Polygyny, in ancient society, 67-69. Population, alien elements in, 16-17. Porcelains, Japanese, 9, 356-357. Poverty, resulting from modern industrial revolution, 446-451. Prayer, prescribed by Hirata. 134; daily, 134-137. Presents, sumptuary laws concerning, 165, 168. Pretas, wicked ghosts, 191. Priests, Shinto, office and powers of, 86-87, 101-105, 139-140; Buddhist, as teachers, 203-204; ranked with the samurai, 247; massacres of, in the sixteenth century, 251; Buddhist, as warriors, 269, 275-276. See Jesuits. Privacy, lack of, in Japan ancient and modern, 100. Professions, under divine patronage, 153-154. Pronouns, rules as to use of, 171. Property, laws of succession to, in Old Japan, 72-73. Psychology, difference between Eastern and Western, 9. Punishment of school-children, 421-422. Punishment, severity of, under ancient system, 94-95, 176-177; by communities, 94-99; by tutelar deities, 102-105; laws as to, 175-177. Purification, ceremonies of, 144-115; by ascetic practices, 148-150. Rebirth, doctrine of, inconsistent with early Japanese beliefs, 55; the Buddhist idea of, and ancestor-worship, 193 n. Reform, agitation for industrial. 452-454. Regency, growth of the, 262-264; usurpation of power by the, 264-267. Registrars, Buddhist priests become public, 203-204. Relationship, gradation of nouns indicating, 171. Religion, summary of three forms of Shinto, 21-22; of final piety, 48-51, 57, 65, 188, 459; the basis of organization of patriarchal family, 57, 64; marriage a rite of, 65-67: identity of government with, 100, 101; metaphysics of Buddhist, 207-228; origin in, of customs of the vendetta, 295; tolerance of, by Iyeyasu (except Roman Catholicism), 349-350; the life of the Japanese people, 463-464; obstacles to propagation of the Western, in the Far East, 479. See Ancestor-worship and Missions. Responsibility from above downward, 395-400. "Review of the Introduction of Christianty into China and Japan", quoted from, 305. Revolution, modern industrial, 445-449; dangers of a social, 448-451. Rice-pot, goddess of the, 130. "Riddle of the Universe", Haeckel's cited, 221. Roads, under the protection of Buddhist deities, 130. Romans, ancient, parallels between Japanese and, 27, 29, 34, 57, 65, 67, 70, 78, 99, 148, 169, 229, 234, 264, 443, 444, 446. Rudeness, Japanese definition of, 175. Russia, the war with, 462-463. Ryobu-Shinto, establishment of; 185-186. Sacrifices, history of all religious, traceable to offerings to ghosts, 30; ancient funeral, 37-38; origin of human, 284; of one's family, 290-291. See Junshi. Samurai, class of the, 243, 251; obligation of, to perform harakiri, 287; suppression of, 376.