In view of this anomaly, I was led to think that if the rate of the
stimulus-wave is dependent in a large degree on the strength of the
stimulus that starts it, the slow rate of nine inches a second might
be more than doubled, if, instead of using a stimulus so gentle as
not to start a contraction-wave, I used a stimulus sufficiently
strong to do this. Accordingly I chose a specimen of Aurelia wherein
the occurrence of tentacular waves was very conspicuous, and found,
as I had hoped, that every time I stimulated too gently to start a
contraction-wave, the tentacular wave travelled only at the rate
of nine inches a second; whereas, if I stimulated with greater
intensity, I could always observe the tentacular wave coursing an
inch or two in front of the contraction-wave.
It is remarkable, however, that in this, as in all the other
specimens of Aurelia which I experimented upon, the reflex response
of the manubrium was equally long, whatever strength of stimulus
I applied to the umbrella; or, at any rate, the time was only
slightly less when a contraction-wave had passed than when only a
tentacular wave had done so. The loss of time, however, appears to
take place in the manubrium itself, where the rate of response is
astonishingly slow. Thus, if one lobe be irritated, it is usually
from four to eight seconds before the other lobes respond. But the
time required for such sympathetic response may be even more variable
than this--the limits I have observed being as great as from three
to ten seconds. In all cases, however, the response, when it does
occur, is sudden, as if the distant lobe had then for the first
time received the stimulus. Moreover, one lobe--usually one of those
adjacent to the lobe directly irritated--responds before the other
two, and then a variable time afterwards the latter also respond.
This time is, in most cases, comparatively short, the usual limits
being from a quarter of a second to two seconds. How much of these
enormous intervals is occupied by the period of ganglionic latency,
and how much by that of transmission, it is impossible to say; but I
have determined that the rate of transmission from the end of a lobe
of the manubrium to a lithocyst (deducting a second for the double
period of latent stimulation) is the same as the rate of a tentacular
wave, viz. nine inches a second. The presumption, therefore, is that
the immense lapse of time required for reflex response on the part of
the manubrium is required by the lobular ganglia, or whatever element
it is that here performs the ganglionic function.
_Exhaustion._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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